HESI A2
Reading Comprehension HESI A2 Practice Test
1. Choose the best summary of the passage about microbes.
- A. Scientists have discovered the importance of certain bacteria for a well-functioning immune system, especially in defending against pathogens. The colonization of microbes in the body begins at birth, with the immune system relying on these bacteria for proper function.
- B. The passage discusses the role of bacteria in the development of the human immune system. It highlights that the body supports various microorganisms crucial for immunity, starting from birth. The presence of harmless bacteria is essential for the immune system to work effectively.
- C. The body hosts a vast number of microorganisms critical for immune system development. Harmless bacteria are necessary for the immune system to defend against pathogens effectively. Early research shows promising results in fecal bacteriotherapy for restoring the immune system's ability to fight off harmful invaders.
- D. Microbes play a pivotal role in human health, particularly in immune system development. The introduction of healthy bacteria is essential for the immune system to function correctly. Fecal bacteriotherapy is a novel approach to reintroducing beneficial bacteria into a compromised colon to enhance immune response.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The passage emphasizes the importance of certain bacteria for a properly functioning immune system. It discusses how harmless bacteria play a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the immune system's response to certain types of bacteria in lower organisms, not the overall importance of bacteria for immunity. Choice B is incorrect as it mainly discusses bacteriotherapy in relation to the reconstruction of a damaged colon, rather than the broader role of bacteria in immune system health. Choice D is incorrect as it only talks about the process of replacing harmful bacteria with harmless ones, missing the key point about the necessity of certain bacteria for immune system function.
2. Based on this passage, what can the reader infer about the advice physicians will give their pregnant patients about coffee consumption?
- A. Almost all of them will advise women to stop drinking any caffeine until after the baby is born.
- B. The majority will ignore the study altogether and continue to advise caffeine in moderation as before.
- C. All of them will demand additional research be done before they change what they tell their patients.
- D. Some will continue to make their normal recommendations about caffeine, while others will be more cautious than before.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The passage implies that there is variability in physician responses to the study about caffeine consumption. Some doctors may continue their standard recommendations, while others might advise more caution based on the new evidence. Therefore, option D reflects this variability in professional opinions and is the correct inference.
3. What is the main idea of the passage about microbes?
- A. Recent discoveries are revealing the critical role of microorganisms in maintaining a properly functioning immune system.
- B. The human body is host to a staggering number of microorganisms.
- C. Bacteriotherapy reintroduces healthy bacteria into a colon lacking the capability to defend against pathogenic agents.
- D. Early research has shown remarkable discoveries in the possibilities of bacteriotherapy.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The main idea of the passage is that recent discoveries are shedding light on the pivotal role of microorganisms in maintaining a properly functioning immune system. The passage discusses how the human body hosts a wide array of microorganisms, emphasizes the importance of these bacteria in the development of the immune system, and explores the potential applications of bacteriotherapy. Choice A is the correct answer because it accurately reflects the central theme discussed in the passage. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they focus on specific details or applications mentioned in the passage, rather than capturing the overarching theme of the critical role of microorganisms in immune system function.
4. What is the overall tone of the essay?
- A. Apathetic
- B. Fascinated
- C. Discouraged
- D. Hopeful
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The overall tone of the essay is discouraged, as it conveys concern over the United States’ lower ranking in life expectancy and highlights various health issues contributing to this situation. The language used suggests frustration and disappointment regarding the country's health statistics, supporting option C as the correct answer.
5. What can the reader infer about the 'sweatiest students' referred to in the last sentence in the passage?
- A. These students are more physically active than others.
- B. These students have worked harder during class.
- C. These students do not necessarily perform better academically.
- D. These students excel in all sports activities.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The reader can infer that the 'sweatiest students' have worked harder during class. This inference is supported by the context that students are graded based on the effort they make in the class, with some even receiving extra credit for being the sweatiest students in the room. Choice A is incorrect as there is no indication in the passage that the sweatiest students are more physically active than others; they are recognized for their effort, not necessarily for being the most active. Choice C is incorrect as the passage does not discuss the academic performance of the sweatiest students. Choice D is incorrect as there is no evidence to suggest that the sweatiest students excel in all sports activities; they are acknowledged for their effort rather than their overall sports performance.
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