HESI A2
Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the function of platelets in the blood?
- A. Transporting oxygen
- B. Clotting blood
- C. Fighting infection
- D. Transporting nutrients
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are responsible for clotting blood. When there is an injury, platelets help form blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding. This function is crucial in maintaining hemostasis and preventing hemorrhage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Platelets do not transport oxygen, fight infection, or transport nutrients in the blood.
2. What is the primary function of the nervous system?
- A. To transmit signals and coordinate body activities
- B. To fight infections
- C. To produce hormones
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The primary function of the nervous system is to transmit signals and coordinate body activities. It controls and regulates body functions by sending and receiving signals between different parts of the body, enabling responses to internal and external stimuli. This intricate network allows for communication between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, ultimately facilitating movement, sensation, thoughts, and various bodily functions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary function of the nervous system. Fighting infections is primarily the role of the immune system, producing hormones is the function of the endocrine system, and regulating body temperature involves mechanisms of thermoregulation within the body, not directly controlled by the nervous system.
3. What is the function of the small intestine?
- A. To store bile
- B. To absorb nutrients
- C. To digest food
- D. To produce enzymes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the digested food into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. Therefore, the correct function of the small intestine is to absorb nutrients. Choice A is incorrect because the gallbladder stores bile, not the small intestine. Choice C is incorrect because the digestion process primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine. Choice D is incorrect because while the small intestine does play a role in enzyme production, its primary function is nutrient absorption.
4. What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
- A. To filter waste from the blood
- B. To produce urine
- C. To regulate blood pressure
- D. To absorb nutrients
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'To filter waste from the blood.' The primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system is to filter waste products and excess substances from the blood, forming urine, which is then excreted from the body. Kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall balance by filtering out waste, regulating fluid levels, and helping in the elimination of toxins. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while the kidneys do produce urine, regulate blood pressure, and help in nutrient absorption indirectly, their primary function is the filtration of waste from the blood.
5. What is the role of the alveoli in the lungs?
- A. To filter blood
- B. To exchange gases
- C. To transport nutrients
- D. To store oxygen
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The alveoli in the lungs are tiny air sacs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing. Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream through the alveoli, while carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the blood and exhaled out of the body through the alveoli. This gas exchange process is essential for the body to obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide, supporting cellular functions and maintaining overall health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the alveoli do not filter blood, transport nutrients, or store oxygen. Their main function is gas exchange.
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