HESI A2
Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the main function of the endocrine system?
- A. To fight infections
- B. To regulate body functions through hormones
- C. To produce red blood cells
- D. To transport oxygen
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The main function of the endocrine system is to regulate various body functions by releasing hormones, which act as chemical messengers. These hormones help maintain homeostasis, regulate metabolism, growth, development, and other essential functions in the body. Option A is incorrect as fighting infections is primarily the role of the immune system, not the endocrine system. Option C is incorrect as the production of red blood cells mainly occurs in the bone marrow. Option D is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen is primarily carried out by the respiratory and circulatory systems. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it accurately describes the primary role of the endocrine system.
2. What is the primary role of the stomach in the digestive system?
- A. To absorb nutrients
- B. To break down food
- C. To secrete digestive enzymes
- D. To store glucose
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary role of the stomach in the digestive system is to break down food. It accomplishes this through the action of gastric acid and digestive enzymes, which work together to break down food into a semi-liquid mixture known as chyme. Option B, 'To break down food,' is the correct answer. Option A, 'To absorb nutrients,' is incorrect because absorption mainly occurs in the small intestine. Option C, 'To secrete digestive enzymes,' is partially correct as the stomach does secrete digestive enzymes, but its primary function is to break down food. Option D, 'To store glucose,' is incorrect as glucose storage primarily occurs in the liver and muscles, not the stomach.
3. Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract?
- A. Pharynx
- B. Larynx
- C. Trachea
- D. Esophagus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The pharynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract. It serves as a common pathway for both air and food, playing a crucial role in directing air to the trachea and food to the esophagus. The larynx, trachea, and esophagus are important structures in the respiratory and digestive systems, but the pharynx specifically belongs to the upper respiratory tract, making it the correct answer.
4. What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive system?
- A. To produce bile
- B. To secrete digestive enzymes
- C. To store glucose
- D. To store bile
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'To produce bile.' The liver's primary role in the digestive system is to produce bile. Bile is essential for emulsifying fats, aiding in their digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Choice B is incorrect because while the liver does secrete some digestive enzymes, its primary function is bile production. Choice C is incorrect because while the liver does store glucose, it is not its primary function in the digestive system. Choice D is incorrect because the liver produces bile, but it does not store it.
5. What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?
- A. To produce bile
- B. To store and concentrate bile
- C. To break down fats
- D. To secrete digestive enzymes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The gallbladder's primary function in digestion is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver. Bile is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. While the gallbladder does not produce bile (Choice A) or secrete digestive enzymes (Choice D), it plays a crucial role in storing and releasing bile when needed. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
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