HESI A2
Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
1. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
- A. To remove carbon dioxide from the body
- B. To transport oxygen to the cells
- C. To deliver nutrients to cells
- D. To create sound and speech
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases. It transports oxygen from the air into the bloodstream, which is crucial for cellular respiration and providing energy to the cells. Additionally, it removes carbon dioxide, which is a waste product that needs to be eliminated. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while the respiratory system does remove carbon dioxide, its primary role is oxygen transport, not nutrient delivery, sound, or speech production.
2. Which vitamin is necessary for calcium absorption?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium in the intestines, aiding in the maintenance of strong bones and teeth. It helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body, supporting bone health and preventing conditions like osteoporosis. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, not specifically for calcium absorption. Vitamin C (Choice B) is crucial for collagen synthesis and immune function but is not directly involved in calcium absorption. Vitamin K (Choice D) plays a role in blood clotting and bone health, but it is not primarily responsible for calcium absorption.
3. Which organ in the digestive system absorbs nutrients?
- A. Stomach
- B. Small intestine
- C. Large intestine
- D. Esophagus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It plays a crucial role in absorbing digested food into the bloodstream, where the nutrients are then circulated to the body's cells for energy and other functions. The stomach primarily breaks down food through the action of acids and enzymes, while the large intestine absorbs water and salts, not nutrients. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and does not participate in nutrient absorption.
4. What is the primary role of the stomach in the digestive system?
- A. To absorb nutrients
- B. To break down food
- C. To secrete digestive enzymes
- D. To store glucose
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary role of the stomach in the digestive system is to break down food. It accomplishes this through the action of gastric acid and digestive enzymes, which work together to break down food into a semi-liquid mixture known as chyme. Option B, 'To break down food,' is the correct answer. Option A, 'To absorb nutrients,' is incorrect because absorption mainly occurs in the small intestine. Option C, 'To secrete digestive enzymes,' is partially correct as the stomach does secrete digestive enzymes, but its primary function is to break down food. Option D, 'To store glucose,' is incorrect as glucose storage primarily occurs in the liver and muscles, not the stomach.
5. Which structure in the kidney is responsible for filtering blood?
- A. Glomerulus
- B. Bowman's capsule
- C. Loop of Henle
- D. Collecting duct
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The glomerulus is the correct answer. It is a vital structure in the kidney responsible for filtering blood. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that filters waste products and excess substances from the blood to form urine. While the Bowman's capsule, Loop of Henle, and Collecting duct are also essential components of the nephron, the primary site of blood filtration occurs at the glomerulus. The Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtered fluid, the Loop of Henle reabsorbs water and important ions, and the Collecting duct further concentrates the urine, but none of these structures are primarily responsible for filtering blood as the glomerulus is.
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