HESI A2
HESI A2 Biology Practice Test
1. Why does cytokinesis happen?
- A. DNA can duplicate
- B. Organelles can convert energy
- C. Bacteria can be killed
- D. Daughter cells can divide
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Cytokinesis happens at the end of mitosis to physically separate the newly formed daughter cells. This allows the cell to divide into two separate daughter cells, each containing a complete set of genetic material (DNA) and organelles. The purpose of cytokinesis is to ensure that each daughter cell receives the necessary components to function independently. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because cytokinesis does not directly involve DNA duplication, organelles converting energy, or killing bacteria.
2. How is the plasma membrane arranged?
- A. In a single layer made of proteins
- B. In a double layer made of proteins
- C. In a single layer of phospholipids
- D. In a double layer of phospholipids
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The plasma membrane is arranged in a double layer of phospholipids, known as a phospholipid bilayer. This structure consists of two layers of phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic heads facing the exterior and hydrophobic tails facing the interior, providing a semipermeable barrier for the cell. Choice A is incorrect because the plasma membrane is not made of a single layer of proteins. Choice B is incorrect as the double layer is composed of phospholipids, not proteins. Choice C is incorrect as the plasma membrane is not made of a single layer of phospholipids but rather a double layer.
3. What type of tissue is fat?
- A. Connective
- B. Muscle
- C. Nervous
- D. Epithelial
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Fat is a type of loose connective tissue known as adipose tissue. Adipose tissue primarily functions to store energy and provide cushioning and insulation for organs. While muscle tissue is responsible for movement, nervous tissue transmits nerve impulses, and epithelial tissue covers and protects body surfaces, fat specifically falls under the category of connective tissue.
4. Where can epithelial tissue be found?
- A. Organ lining
- B. Heart muscle
- C. Tendons
- D. Spinal cord
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Epithelial tissue is primarily found lining the surfaces of organs, such as the skin and the linings of various internal organs like the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and blood vessels. It serves as a protective barrier and helps with absorption and secretion. Heart muscle is made up of cardiac muscle tissue, tendons are primarily composed of dense connective tissue, and the spinal cord is composed of nervous tissue, none of which are classified as epithelial tissue.
5. Which of the following types of hormones can diffuse through the cell membrane to bind to receptors inside the cell and stimulate a chemical response to a target cell?
- A. fat-soluble hormones
- B. amino acid derivatives
- C. hydrophilic hormones
- D. water-soluble hormones
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: fat-soluble hormones. Fat-soluble hormones are able to diffuse through the cell membrane to bind to receptors inside the cell. This is because they are lipophilic, allowing them to cross the lipid bilayer easily. Once inside the cell, fat-soluble hormones can directly affect gene expression or cell function. Choice B, amino acid derivatives, and choice C, hydrophilic hormones, are not able to diffuse through the cell membrane as they are not lipophilic. Therefore, they cannot bind to receptors inside the cell. Choice D, water-soluble hormones, also cannot diffuse through the cell membrane as it is hydrophilic, making it unable to reach receptors inside the cell.
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