HESI A2
HESI A2 Biology Practice Test
1. Which of the following is true of Glycolysis?
- A. It requires the absence of Oxygen
- B. It occurs in the presence of Oxygen
- C. It is the final step of fermentation
- D. It is the final step of anaerobic respiration
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration and can occur in both aerobic (presence of oxygen) and anaerobic (absence of oxygen) conditions. In aerobic respiration, glycolysis takes place in the presence of oxygen and continues with the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. So, glycolysis does not require the absence of oxygen but can occur in its presence as part of the overall process of aerobic respiration. Choice A is incorrect because glycolysis can occur in the presence of oxygen. Choice C is incorrect because glycolysis is not the final step of fermentation; it is the initial step. Choice D is incorrect because glycolysis is not the final step of anaerobic respiration; it is the first step, followed by further processes to complete anaerobic respiration.
2. The renal system consists of all the organs involved in the formation and release of urine and includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
- A. The digestive system
- B. The reproductive system
- C. The renal system
- D. The kidney system
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct term for the system involving the organs responsible for the formation and release of urine is the renal system, not the digestive or reproductive system. The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra are specifically part of the renal system, which is responsible for filtering the blood to remove waste and excess fluids, producing urine, and eliminating it from the body. The other choices, the digestive system and the reproductive system, are not responsible for the formation and release of urine, making them incorrect answers.
3. The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism is:
- A. product
- B. respiration
- C. metabolism
- D. synthesis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life. It involves all the processes that break down molecules to release energy (catabolism) and build new molecules to support growth and maintenance (anabolism). Respiration refers specifically to the process of generating energy from the breakdown of glucose molecules. Synthesis is the creation of complex molecules from simpler ones. Therefore, metabolism is the most comprehensive term that encompasses all these processes within an organism.
4. Why is polarity the most important characteristic of water?
- A. the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
- B. the results of the polarity are covalent bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
- C. the results of the polarity are ionic bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
- D. the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Polarity is the most important characteristic of water because it results in hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties. These unique properties enable water to form hydrogen bonds with other substances, resist temperature changes, and dissolve a wide variety of solutes, making it essential for life processes. Choice B is incorrect because water exhibits hydrogen bonding, not covalent bonding. Choice C is incorrect as water does not form ionic bonds. Choice D is incorrect because water has a high, not low, specific heat value, which is vital for its role in temperature regulation.
5. Choose the two bases that have two carbon rings:
- A. Adenine
- B. Cytosine
- C. Thymine
- D. Guanine
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Adenine and guanine have two carbon rings and are known as purines. These bases are found in nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Adenine (option A) and guanine (option D) are the correct choices as they both have two carbon rings in their molecular structure. Cytosine (option B) and thymine (option C) have a single carbon ring each, making them incorrect choices for bases with two carbon rings.
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