HESI A2
HESI A2 Biology Practice Test
1. Choose the two bases that have two carbon rings:
- A. Adenine
- B. Cytosine
- C. Thymine
- D. Guanine
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Adenine and guanine have two carbon rings and are known as purines. These bases are found in nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Adenine (option A) and guanine (option D) are the correct choices as they both have two carbon rings in their molecular structure. Cytosine (option B) and thymine (option C) have a single carbon ring each, making them incorrect choices for bases with two carbon rings.
2. Which of the following statements about the respiratory system is true?
- A. The respiratory system consists of all the organs involved in breathing
- B. Organs included in the respiratory system are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
- C. The respiratory system conveys oxygen into our bodies and removes carbon dioxide from our bodies
- D. All of the Above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The respiratory system consists of all the organs involved in breathing, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Additionally, the respiratory system is responsible for conveying oxygen into our bodies and removing carbon dioxide from our bodies. Therefore, all the statements provided are true, making option D the correct choice. Options A, B, and C are all accurate statements about the respiratory system, reinforcing the correctness of choosing option D.
3. Genes control heredity in man and other organisms. This gene is ___
- A. A segment of DNA
- B. A bead-like structure on the chromosomes
- C. A protein molecule
- D. A segment of RNA
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Genes are sections of DNA that contain instructions for building and operating living organisms. These sections of DNA contain the genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next. Genes are composed of specific sequences of nucleotides within the DNA molecule. Therefore, genes are best described as segments of DNA. Choice A is correct. Choice B is incorrect because genes are not bead-like structures on chromosomes but specific sequences of DNA. Choice C is incorrect because genes are not protein molecules but rather sequences of nucleotides. Choice D is incorrect because genes are not segments of RNA but DNA.
4. When the genotype consists of a dominant and a recessive allele, the phenotype will be like the _ allele.
- A. Dominant
- B. Recessive
- C. Both
- D. Neither
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When the genotype consists of a dominant and a recessive allele, the phenotype will be like the dominant allele. This is because dominant alleles typically mask the expression of recessive alleles. Therefore, the dominant allele will be expressed in the phenotype in most basic cases. The recessive allele will only be expressed phenotypically if the individual is homozygous recessive. Choice B, 'Recessive,' is incorrect because the phenotype will not be like the recessive allele in this case. Choice C, 'Both,' is incorrect because in simple dominant-recessive inheritance, the dominant allele will overshadow the recessive allele. Choice D, 'Neither,' is incorrect as the phenotype will resemble the dominant allele.
5. The difference between diploid and haploid is as follows:
- A. Diploid organisms are multicellular
- B. Diploid cells are somatic
- C. Diploid cells have two sets of homologous chromosomes
- D. More than one of the above is true
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Option B correctly states that diploid cells are somatic cells that make up the body tissues and organs in an organism, while haploid cells are gametes involved in sexual reproduction. Option C accurately differentiates diploid and haploid cells based on their chromosome sets – diploid cells have two sets of homologous chromosomes (one from each parent), whereas haploid cells have one set of unpaired chromosomes. Therefore, the correct choice is D, as both statements in options B and C are accurate descriptions of the differences between diploid and haploid cells. Option A is incorrect because diploid and haploid refer to the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell, not whether the organism is multicellular or not.
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