HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test
1. The hypothalamus is part of the ___________.
- A. cardiovascular system
- B. endocrine system
- C. respiratory system
- D. lymphatic system
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain that plays a crucial role in linking the nervous system to the endocrine system. It helps regulate various bodily functions by releasing hormones that signal the pituitary gland to release other hormones that control metabolism, growth, reproduction, sleep, and other important processes. Therefore, the hypothalamus is a key component of the endocrine system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the hypothalamus is not part of the cardiovascular, respiratory, or lymphatic systems.
2. Why might certain young people be underweight?
- A. They are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight.
- B. They eat little protein and too much fat and sugar.
- C. They eat several meals a day and fail to exercise enough.
- D. They seldom eat a meal that contains foods from all food groups.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Certain young people might be underweight because they are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight. During periods of rapid growth, the body's energy requirements are primarily directed towards height growth rather than weight gain, resulting in some individuals being underweight despite consuming sufficient calories. Choice B is incorrect because the question focuses on reasons related to growth rather than diet composition. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests overeating rather than the specific growth-related issue of height surpassing weight gain. Choice D is incorrect as it addresses nutritional variety rather than the growth dynamics affecting weight.
3. Which part of the respiratory system is in the upper respiratory tract?
- A. Bronchioles
- B. Alveolar ducts
- C. Alveoli
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The upper respiratory tract includes structures such as the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx. These structures are responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying the air. The lower respiratory tract comprises the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli. Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli are all part of the lower respiratory system, involved in gas exchange. Therefore, the correct answer is 'None of the above' as none of the listed options are part of the upper respiratory tract.
4. Which type of muscles are involved in peristalsis?
- A. Smooth muscles
- B. Cardiac muscles
- C. Skeletal muscles
- D. Epaxial muscles
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Peristalsis is a coordinated, wave-like muscular contraction that propels food and other materials through the digestive tract. Smooth muscles are responsible for this movement in the gastrointestinal tract, providing the involuntary contractions needed for peristalsis to occur. Skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and epaxial muscles are not directly involved in peristalsis. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and are responsible for its contraction. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and control voluntary movements. Epaxial muscles are located along the vertebral column and are involved in the movement and stabilization of the spine.
5. Which is an anterior feature of the human head?
- A. The nose
- B. The ears
- C. The occipital lobe
- D. The temporal lobe
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nose is an anterior feature of the human head, located in the frontal part of the face. It plays a vital role in the respiratory system by allowing air to enter and exit the body. Additionally, the nose contains olfactory receptors that enable the sense of smell. The ears, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe are not anterior features of the human head. The ears are located on the sides, the occipital lobe is at the back of the head, and the temporal lobe is on the sides and base of the cerebral cortex.
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