HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test
1. Why might certain young people be underweight?
- A. They are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight.
- B. They eat little protein and too much fat and sugar.
- C. They eat several meals a day and fail to exercise enough.
- D. They seldom eat a meal that contains foods from all food groups.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Certain young people might be underweight because they are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight. During periods of rapid growth, the body's energy requirements are primarily directed towards height growth rather than weight gain, resulting in some individuals being underweight despite consuming sufficient calories. Choice B is incorrect because the question focuses on reasons related to growth rather than diet composition. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests overeating rather than the specific growth-related issue of height surpassing weight gain. Choice D is incorrect as it addresses nutritional variety rather than the growth dynamics affecting weight.
2. What is the normal pH of human arterial blood?
- A. 6.8
- B. 7.4
- C. 7.9
- D. 8.2
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The normal pH of human arterial blood is approximately 7.4. This slightly alkaline pH is crucial for the proper functioning of enzymes and biochemical processes in the body. Any significant deviation from this pH level can result in serious health issues such as acidosis or alkalosis. Choice A (6.8) is incorrect as it is lower than the normal pH of arterial blood, indicating acidity. Choice C (7.9) and Choice D (8.2) are incorrect as they are higher than the normal pH of arterial blood, indicating alkalinity.
3. How might an injury to the parietal lobe impact an individual?
- A. Breathing
- B. Attention
- C. Memory
- D. Perception
Correct answer: D
Rationale: An injury to the parietal lobe can impact an individual's perception, affecting their ability to interpret sensory information such as touch, spatial orientation, and recognizing objects. The parietal lobe is crucial for integrating sensory information and creating a coherent perception of the surrounding world. Damage to this area can lead to challenges with spatial awareness, object recognition, and accurate processing of sensory input. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because breathing, attention, and memory are primarily associated with other brain regions such as the brainstem, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe respectively, not the parietal lobe.
4. Which mineral helps maintain fluid balance in the body?
- A. Potassium
- B. Cobalt
- C. Chromium
- D. Sulfur
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Potassium is the mineral that helps maintain fluid balance in the body. It plays a crucial role in regulating the amount of fluid inside and outside the body's cells, thereby helping to maintain proper hydration levels. Potassium works in conjunction with sodium to regulate fluid balance and is essential for proper muscle function, nerve transmission, and heart health. Cobalt, chromium, and sulfur do not play significant roles in maintaining fluid balance in the body, making them incorrect choices for this question.
5. Which structure of the respiratory system is involved in gas exchange?
- A. Trachea
- B. Bronchioles
- C. Alveoli
- D. Larynx
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The alveoli are the primary site for gas exchange in the respiratory system. These tiny air sacs in the lungs are where oxygen is taken up into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released from the bloodstream into the lungs to be exhaled. The trachea (Choice A) is the windpipe that carries air to and from the lungs but is not directly involved in gas exchange. Bronchioles (Choice B) are smaller airway branches that lead to the alveoli but do not participate in gas exchange themselves. The larynx (Choice D) plays a role in producing sound and protecting the airway but is not primarily responsible for gas exchange.
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