HESI A2
Anatomy HESI A2 Practice Test
1. Which of the following is an organ of the respiratory system?
- A. Brain
- B. Larynx
- C. Urethra
- D. Pancreas
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The larynx is an essential organ of the respiratory system. It plays a crucial role in producing sound, protecting the trachea from food aspiration, and regulating the airflow to and from the lungs. The brain is part of the nervous system, the urethra is part of the urinary system, and the pancreas is part of the digestive system. Therefore, they are not directly related to the respiratory system's functions.
2. What is the role of the liver in detoxification?
- A. To secrete bile
- B. To store glucose
- C. To convert toxins into less harmful substances
- D. To produce insulin
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The liver's primary function in detoxification is to convert harmful toxins into less harmful substances. This process helps in safeguarding the body from the adverse effects of toxins and is essential for maintaining overall health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because secreting bile, storing glucose, and producing insulin are functions of the liver unrelated to detoxification.
3. Which part of the brain controls voluntary movement?
- A. Cerebellum
- B. Cerebrum
- C. Brainstem
- D. Medulla oblongata
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The cerebrum, specifically the motor cortex located within it, is responsible for controlling voluntary movements such as walking, writing, and speaking. This region of the brain plays a crucial role in coordinating and executing voluntary muscle actions, making it the correct answer in this context. The cerebellum (Choice A) primarily coordinates balance, posture, and coordination of voluntary movements but does not control voluntary movement itself. The brainstem (Choice C) is responsible for basic life functions like breathing and heart rate, not voluntary movements. The medulla oblongata (Choice D) controls vital functions like blood pressure and breathing, not voluntary movement.
4. Which brain part is responsible for regulating heart rate and blood pressure?
- A. Cerebellum
- B. Medulla oblongata
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Pons
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The medulla oblongata, situated in the brainstem, plays a crucial role in controlling essential functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. It contains vital cardiovascular and respiratory centers, making it the correct choice for the regulation of heart rate and blood pressure. The cerebellum is primarily involved in coordinating movement and balance, not in regulating heart rate and blood pressure. The hypothalamus is responsible for maintaining homeostasis, regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst, but not specifically heart rate and blood pressure. The pons is involved in functions like sleep, respiration, and bladder control, not primarily in regulating heart rate and blood pressure.
5. What part of the eye is responsible for focusing light on the retina?
- A. Cornea
- B. Lens
- C. Retina
- D. Pupil
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The lens of the eye is responsible for focusing light on the retina. When light enters the eye, it first passes through the cornea, which helps in bending the light, and then the lens further refracts and focuses the light onto the retina at the back of the eye. The retina contains photoreceptor cells that convert light into neural signals, which are then sent to the brain for visual processing. The cornea is the transparent outermost layer of the eye that helps in focusing light, but the main responsibility lies with the lens. The retina is the layer at the back of the eye that receives the focused light and initiates the process of vision. The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that controls the amount of light entering the eye and is not directly involved in focusing light on the retina.
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