HESI A2
HESI A2 Physics Quizlet
1. As a car is traveling on the highway, its speed drops from 60 mph to 30 mph. What happens to its kinetic energy?
- A. Its energy is halved.
- B. Its energy is doubled.
- C. Its energy is quadrupled.
- D. Its energy is divided by four.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the velocity. When the speed drops from 60 mph to 30 mph, the kinetic energy is halved. Choice B is incorrect because halving the speed results in halving the kinetic energy, not doubling it. Choice C is incorrect because quadrupling the kinetic energy would require increasing the speed fourfold, not halving it. Choice D is incorrect because dividing the energy by four would imply a different relationship between speed and kinetic energy, which is not the case.
2. According to the Clausius inequality, for a cyclic process involving heat transfer between a system and its surroundings at a single constant temperature (T), the following inequality must hold true:
- A. There is no relationship between heat transfer and temperature in a cyclic process.
- B. ∫ dQ/T ≥ 0
- C. ∫ Q/T = constant
- D. ∫ dQ/T ≤ 0
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The Clausius inequality states that for a cyclic process involving heat transfer at a single constant temperature, the integral of heat transfer divided by temperature (∫ dQ/T) must be less than or equal to zero. This inequality reflects the irreversibility of natural processes. Choice A is incorrect as there is a direct relationship between heat transfer and temperature in the Clausius inequality. Choice B is incorrect because the integral of dQ/T must be less than or equal to zero, not greater than or equal to zero. Choice C is incorrect because the integral of Q/T is not a constant in a cyclic process involving heat transfer at a single constant temperature.
3. A 120-volt heat lamp draws 25 amps of current. What is the lamp’s resistance?
- A. 96 ohms
- B. 104 ohms
- C. 150 ohms
- D. 4.8 ohms
Correct answer: D
Rationale: To find the resistance of the lamp, we use Ohm’s Law, which states that resistance (R) is equal to voltage (V) divided by current (I), expressed as: R = V / I. Given that the voltage (V) is 120 volts and the current (I) is 25 amps, we substitute these values into the formula: R = 120 V / 25 A = 4.8 ohms. Therefore, the resistance of the lamp is 4.8 ohms. Choice A, 96 ohms, is incorrect as it is not the result of the correct calculation. Choice B, 104 ohms, is incorrect as it does not match the calculated resistance. Choice C, 150 ohms, is incorrect as it is not the correct resistance value obtained through the calculation.
4. The speed of sound in dry air at 20°C is 343 m/s. If the wavelength of a sound wave is 5 m, what is its frequency?
- A. 171.5 Hz
- B. 79 Hz
- C. 68.6 Hz
- D. 63.6 Hz
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The speed of sound (v) can be calculated using the formula: v = f × λ, where f is the frequency and λ is the wavelength. Given that the speed of sound is 343 m/s and the wavelength is 5 m, we can rearrange the formula to solve for frequency: f = v / λ = 343 / 5 = 68.6 Hz. Therefore, the correct frequency is 68.6 Hz. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not result from the correct calculation based on the given values.
5. The specific heat capacity of water is about 2 J/g°C. How much energy would you need to heat 1 kilogram of water by 10°C?
- A. 420 J
- B. 4,200 J
- C. 42,000 J
- D. 420,000 J
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The formula to calculate the energy required to heat a substance is Q = m × c × ΔT, where m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature. Given that 1 kilogram of water is equal to 1,000 grams, the mass (m) is 1,000 g, the specific heat capacity (c) of water is 4.2 J/g°C (not 2 J/g°C), and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 10°C. Substituting these values into the formula: Q = 1,000 × 4.2 × 10 = 42,000 J. Therefore, the correct energy required to heat 1 kilogram of water by 10°C is 42,000 J. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not consider the correct specific heat capacity of water or the conversion of mass to grams.
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