HESI A2
HESI A2 Chemistry
1. What is the molarity of a solution containing 45 moles of NaCl in 4 liters?
- A. 0.11 M NaCl
- B. 0.45 M NaCl
- C. 1.8 M NaCl
- D. 8.9 M NaCl
Correct answer: A
Rationale: To calculate the molarity of a solution, you use the formula: Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution. In this case, M = 45 moles / 4 L = 11.25 M. The correct answer is 0.11 M NaCl. Choice B is incorrect as it doesn't match the calculated value. Choice C is also incorrect as it is significantly higher than the correct molarity. Choice D is incorrect as it is excessively high compared to the calculated value.
2. What is atomic mass?
- A. Number of protons in an atom
- B. Sum of protons and neutrons
- C. Number of neutrons in an atom
- D. Average weight of an element
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Atomic mass, also known as atomic weight, is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom. It represents the average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the different isotopes and their relative abundance. Neutrons contribute to the atomic mass alongside protons, while the number of neutrons alone is not the definition of atomic mass. Choice A is incorrect because it refers only to the number of protons, not the complete atomic mass. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses solely on the number of neutrons, excluding the contribution of protons. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions the 'average weight of an element,' which is related to atomic mass but does not encapsulate the specific definition of atomic mass as the sum of protons and neutrons.
3. What are the 3 types of radiation in nuclear chemistry?
- A. Alpha, Beta, Delta
- B. Alpha, Beta, Gamma
- C. Gamma, Beta, Delta
- D. Delta, Beta, Gamma
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alpha, Beta, Gamma. In nuclear chemistry, the 3 types of radiation are alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei, beta radiation involves electrons or positrons, and gamma radiation is electromagnetic radiation of high frequency. Choice A is incorrect because 'Delta' is not a type of radiation in nuclear chemistry. Choice C is incorrect as it does not list alpha radiation. Choice D is incorrect as it lists the types in the wrong order and includes 'Delta' instead of alpha radiation.
4. How many protons does Potassium have?
- A. 18
- B. 19
- C. 20
- D. 21
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Potassium, with the atomic symbol K, has 19 protons, which is equal to its atomic number. The number of protons determines the element's identity, and in the case of Potassium, it is 19. Choice A (18) is incorrect as it does not correspond to Potassium's proton number. Choice C (20) and Choice D (21) are also incorrect as they do not match the actual number of protons in Potassium.
5. You contain two odorous gases in vials with porous plugs. Gas A has twice the mass of Gas B. Which observation is most likely?
- A. You will smell Gas A before you smell Gas B.
- B. You will smell Gas B before you smell Gas A.
- C. You will smell Gas A but not Gas B.
- D. You will smell Gas B but not Gas A.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. Since Gas A has twice the mass of Gas B, Gas A will effuse more slowly than Gas B. Therefore, you will likely smell Gas A before you smell Gas B as Gas A will escape and diffuse through the porous plug at a slower rate compared to Gas B. Choice A is correct because Gas A, with its higher molar mass, will take longer to effuse through the porous plug, causing you to smell it first. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not consider the relationship between molar mass and effusion rate.
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