HESI A2
HESI A2 Chemistry
1. What type of chemical reaction is represented by AB → A + B?
- A. Synthesis
- B. Decomposition
- C. Single replacement
- D. Double replacement
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The chemical equation AB → A + B represents a decomposition reaction. In a decomposition reaction, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. In this specific reaction, compound AB is decomposed into its elements, A and B, making it a decomposition reaction. Choice A, Synthesis, involves the combination of two or more substances to form a more complex product, which is not the case here. Choices C and D, Single replacement and Double replacement, involve the exchange of ions between compounds or elements, which is not happening in the given reaction.
2. What are proteins made up of?
- A. Fatty acids
- B. Amino acids
- C. Nucleotides
- D. Sugars
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Proteins are made up of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, essential for various biological processes in the body such as enzyme function, transport, and structural support. Fatty acids (Choice A) are components of lipids, not proteins. Nucleotides (Choice C) are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, not proteins. Sugars (Choice D) are carbohydrates and are not the primary components of proteins.
3. How much concentrated HCl should be used to prepare 500 mL of a 0.100 M HCl solution?
- A. 75 mL
- B. 100 mL
- C. 125 mL
- D. 150 mL
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To prepare a 0.100 M HCl solution with a volume of 500 mL, you can use the formula C1V1 = C2V2, where C1 is the concentration of the concentrated HCl solution, V1 is the volume of concentrated HCl solution used, C2 is the desired concentration (0.100 M), and V2 is the final volume (500 mL). Rearranging the formula to solve for V1, you get V1 = (C2V2) / C1. Plugging in the values (0.100 M)(500 mL) / C1 = 100 mL, which means 100 mL of concentrated HCl should be used to prepare 500 mL of a 0.100 M HCl solution. Therefore, the correct answer is 100 mL. Choice A (75 mL), Choice C (125 mL), and Choice D (150 mL) are incorrect as they do not match the calculated volume needed to prepare the desired concentration of HCl solution.
4. Among the following elements, which is a nonmetal?
- A. Mercury
- B. Magnesium
- C. Sulfur
- D. Potassium
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Sulfur is a nonmetal as it is located on the right side of the periodic table. Nonmetals generally exhibit properties such as being brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and having lower melting points compared to metals. Mercury (A), Magnesium (B), and Potassium (D) are all metals due to their metallic properties. Mercury is a liquid metal at room temperature, Magnesium is a solid metal, and Potassium is a solid metal as well. Therefore, the correct answer is C, Sulfur.
5. What is a pentose sugar?
- A. A 6 carbon sugar
- B. A 4 carbon sugar
- C. A 5 carbon sugar
- D. A 7 carbon sugar
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A pentose is a 5-carbon sugar, as the prefix 'pent-' signifies five. Therefore, a pentose sugar consists of five carbon atoms. Choice A, 'A 6 carbon sugar,' is incorrect as a pentose sugar specifically has five carbons. Choice B, 'A 4 carbon sugar,' is incorrect as it describes a tetrose sugar, which has four carbons. Choice D, 'A 7 carbon sugar,' is incorrect as it does not correspond to the definition of a pentose sugar.
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