HESI A2
HESI A2 Chemistry
1. What are proteins made up of?
- A. Fatty acids
- B. Amino acids
- C. Nucleotides
- D. Sugars
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Proteins are made up of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, essential for various biological processes in the body such as enzyme function, transport, and structural support. Fatty acids (Choice A) are components of lipids, not proteins. Nucleotides (Choice C) are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, not proteins. Sugars (Choice D) are carbohydrates and are not the primary components of proteins.
2. What is the correct name of ZnSO₄?
- A. Zinc sulfate
- B. Zinc sulfide
- C. Zinc sulfur
- D. Zinc oxide
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct name of ZnSO₄ is zinc sulfate. In this compound, zinc is combined with the polyatomic ion sulfate (SO₄). Sulfate is a common anion formed from sulfur and oxygen atoms. Therefore, the correct name for ZnSO₄ is zinc sulfate. Choice B, Zinc sulfide, is incorrect because sulfide is a different anion (S²⁻) compared to sulfate (SO₄²⁻). Choice C, Zinc sulfur, is incorrect as it does not represent the correct anion in the compound. Choice D, Zinc oxide, is incorrect as it involves an oxygen anion, not sulfate.
3. Among the following elements, which is a nonmetal?
- A. Mercury
- B. Magnesium
- C. Sulfur
- D. Potassium
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Sulfur is a nonmetal as it is located on the right side of the periodic table. Nonmetals generally exhibit properties such as being brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and having lower melting points compared to metals. Mercury (A), Magnesium (B), and Potassium (D) are all metals due to their metallic properties. Mercury is a liquid metal at room temperature, Magnesium is a solid metal, and Potassium is a solid metal as well. Therefore, the correct answer is C, Sulfur.
4. What is the boiling point of water in °C?
- A. 90°C
- B. 100°C
- C. 95°C
- D. 80°C
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 100°C. The boiling point of water in Celsius is 100°C, which is standard at sea level. This is the temperature at which water changes from a liquid to a gas phase under standard atmospheric pressure. Choice A (90°C), Choice C (95°C), and Choice D (80°C) are incorrect because they do not represent the standard boiling point of water at sea level.
5. Here are the solubilities of four substances at 0°C, in grams of solute per 100 mL of water. If the temperature increases to 20°C, what would you expect to happen to the solubility figures?
- A. Citric acid and potassium phosphate will decrease; nitrogen and oxygen will increase.
- B. Citric acid and potassium phosphate will increase; nitrogen and oxygen will decrease.
- C. All four figures will increase.
- D. All four figures will decrease.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Solubility generally tends to increase with temperature for most solid solutes in liquid solvents due to higher kinetic energy leading to better solute-solvent interactions. As the temperature increases from 0°C to 20°C, all four solubility figures are expected to increase. Choice A is incorrect because solubility tends to increase with temperature. Choice B is incorrect as well for the same reason. Choice D is incorrect because the solubility of solid solutes typically increases with temperature.
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