HESI A2
HESI A2 Chemistry
1. What is a pentose sugar?
- A. A 6 carbon sugar
- B. A 4 carbon sugar
- C. A 5 carbon sugar
- D. A 7 carbon sugar
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A pentose is a 5-carbon sugar, as the prefix 'pent-' signifies five. Therefore, a pentose sugar consists of five carbon atoms. Choice A, 'A 6 carbon sugar,' is incorrect as a pentose sugar specifically has five carbons. Choice B, 'A 4 carbon sugar,' is incorrect as it describes a tetrose sugar, which has four carbons. Choice D, 'A 7 carbon sugar,' is incorrect as it does not correspond to the definition of a pentose sugar.
2. What type of chemical reaction is represented by AB → A + B?
- A. Synthesis
- B. Decomposition
- C. Single replacement
- D. Double replacement
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The chemical equation AB → A + B represents a decomposition reaction. In a decomposition reaction, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. In this specific reaction, compound AB is decomposed into its elements, A and B, making it a decomposition reaction. Choice A, Synthesis, involves the combination of two or more substances to form a more complex product, which is not the case here. Choices C and D, Single replacement and Double replacement, involve the exchange of ions between compounds or elements, which is not happening in the given reaction.
3. What are proteins made up of?
- A. Fatty acids
- B. Amino acids
- C. Nucleotides
- D. Sugars
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Proteins are made up of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, essential for various biological processes in the body such as enzyme function, transport, and structural support. Fatty acids (Choice A) are components of lipids, not proteins. Nucleotides (Choice C) are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, not proteins. Sugars (Choice D) are carbohydrates and are not the primary components of proteins.
4. What is atomic mass?
- A. Number of protons in an atom
- B. Sum of protons and neutrons
- C. Number of neutrons in an atom
- D. Average weight of an element
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Atomic mass, also known as atomic weight, is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom. It represents the average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the different isotopes and their relative abundance. Neutrons contribute to the atomic mass alongside protons, while the number of neutrons alone is not the definition of atomic mass. Choice A is incorrect because it refers only to the number of protons, not the complete atomic mass. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses solely on the number of neutrons, excluding the contribution of protons. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions the 'average weight of an element,' which is related to atomic mass but does not encapsulate the specific definition of atomic mass as the sum of protons and neutrons.
5. Which compound is a Hydrogen or proton donor, corrosive to metals, causes blue litmus paper to become red, and becomes less acidic when mixed with a base?
- A. Base
- B. Acid
- C. Salt
- D. Hydroxide
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Acid.' An acid is a compound that donates protons (H+), is corrosive to metals, and turns blue litmus paper red. When an acid is mixed with a base, they react to form salts and water, resulting in a decrease in acidity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because bases accept protons rather than donate them, salts are the products of acid-base reactions, and hydroxides are typically bases, not acids.
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