Nursing Elites

1. Which organelle would you expect to be present in a cell responsible for detoxifying multiple molecules?

• A. rough ER
• B. smooth ER
• C. lysosome
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle responsible for detoxifying multiple molecules in a cell. It contains enzymes that help break down toxins and drugs, making it an essential organelle for detoxification processes. The rough ER, lysosome, and Golgi apparatus do not play direct roles in detoxification. The rough ER is mainly involved in protein synthesis and transport. Lysosomes are responsible for digestion and recycling within the cell. The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or for use within the cell.

2. Which of the following is an example of human error in an experiment?

• A. an imperfectly calibrated scale
• B. contaminating a sterile sample by breathing on it
• C. a draft in the laboratory slightly changing the temperature of a liquid
• D. failure to account for wind speed when measuring distance traveled

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Contaminating a sterile sample by breathing on it is an example of human error in an experiment because it involves an action directly caused by the researcher that compromises the integrity of the sample. Breathing on a sterile sample introduces external contaminants that can affect the results. Choices A, C, and D involve factors not directly under the researcher's control or are technical errors that do not involve direct human actions.

3. The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism is:

• A. product
• B. respiration
• C. metabolism
• D. synthesis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life. It involves all the processes that break down molecules to release energy (catabolism) and build new molecules to support growth and maintenance (anabolism). Respiration refers specifically to the process of generating energy from the breakdown of glucose molecules. Synthesis is the creation of complex molecules from simpler ones. Therefore, metabolism is the most comprehensive term that encompasses all these processes within an organism.

4. If a test has poor internal consistency, which statement is true?

• A. The test produces different results at different times.
• B. The items do not correlate or measure similar things.
• C. The test produces different results depending on the researcher.
• D. The items never vary even when the test environment changes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Correct answer: If a test has poor internal consistency, it means that the items do not correlate or measure similar things. This lack of correlation indicates that the items in the test are not measuring the same underlying construct or concept, leading to unreliable results. Choice A is incorrect because poor internal consistency is not about producing different results at different times but rather about the lack of correlation among items. Choice C is incorrect because the issue lies within the test itself, not with different researchers. Choice D is incorrect because poor internal consistency implies that the items do vary in their measurement, contributing to the unreliability of the test.

5. The apical side of an epithelial cell:

• A. Is exposed to fluid or air
• B. Is on the bottom side of the cell
• C. Does not allow any substances to pass through
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The apical side of an epithelial cell is the top side, which is typically exposed to fluids, air, or the inside of an organ. This side allows substances to pass through it, facilitating the absorption, secretion, or excretion of various substances. Choice B is incorrect as the apical side is not on the bottom but the top side. Choice C is incorrect as the apical side does allow substances to pass through. Choice D is incorrect as there are characteristics associated with the apical side.

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