Nursing Elites

1. Which organelle would you expect to be present in a cell responsible for detoxifying multiple molecules?

• A. rough ER
• B. smooth ER
• C. lysosome
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle responsible for detoxifying multiple molecules in a cell. It contains enzymes that help break down toxins and drugs, making it an essential organelle for detoxification processes. The rough ER, lysosome, and Golgi apparatus do not play direct roles in detoxification. The rough ER is mainly involved in protein synthesis and transport. Lysosomes are responsible for digestion and recycling within the cell. The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or for use within the cell.

2. Tonicity refers to the movement of:

• A. Water
• B. Solute
• C. Cells
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Tonicity refers to the movement of water across a membrane in response to differences in solute concentration. In a hypertonic solution, where there is a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell, water will move out of the cell to try to reach equilibrium. In a hypotonic solution, where there is a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell, water will move into the cell to balance the concentrations. Cells and solutes themselves do not actively move in response to tonicity; it is the movement of water that helps achieve equilibrium. Therefore, the correct answer is water (Choice A). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as tonicity specifically refers to water movement and not the movement of solutes, cells, or none of the above.

3. Bacillus subtilis may be described as ___________.

• A. spiral
• B. globular
• C. rod-shaped
• D. grape-like clusters

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Bacillus subtilis is a rod-shaped bacterium. Its name "Bacillus" refers to its rod-like shape, which is a characteristic feature of this bacteria.

4. Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

• A. Providing the shape and form of our bodies
• B. Supporting and protecting the body
• C. Producing blood
• D. Storing vitamins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Producing blood is not a function of the skeletal system. Blood production primarily occurs in the bone marrow, which is found within the bones. The skeletal system provides the shape and form of our bodies, supports and protects the body, and stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus for various functions. Storing vitamins is not a primary function of the skeletal system, although some vitamins may play a role in bone health.

5. Which gives the order of four taxonomic categories from least to most specific?

• A. Kingdom, phylum, class, order
• B. Kingdom, phylum, order, class
• C. Kingdom, order, phylum, class
• D. Kingdom, class, order, phylum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct order of the four taxonomic categories from least to most specific is Kingdom, phylum, class, and order. This sequence adheres to the hierarchical system of classification where organisms are grouped based on shared characteristics, becoming more specific as you move from Kingdom to order. Choice B is incorrect as the order of 'order' and 'class' is swapped. Choice C is incorrect as 'order' precedes 'phylum' instead of following it. Choice D is incorrect as 'class' should come before 'order'.

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