HESI A2
HESI A2 Biology Practice Test 2024
1. What organelle in the cell produces energy through the process of respiration?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Golgi Apparatus
- D. Chloroplasts
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing energy through respiration in eukaryotic cells. Choice A, the Nucleus, is not involved in energy production but rather houses the cell's genetic material. Choice C, the Golgi Apparatus, is responsible for packaging and processing proteins, not energy production. Choice D, Chloroplasts, are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells, not respiration for energy production.
2. What molecule is primarily responsible for providing energy to the cell?
- A. ATP
- B. DNA
- C. ADP
- D. Glycogen
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Correct! ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the main molecule that stores and provides energy for cellular activities. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell, where energy released from the breakdown of nutrients is stored in the high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because DNA carries genetic information, ADP is the precursor of ATP, and glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage, not direct energy provision.
3. What organelle is responsible for packaging, processing, and shipping?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Golgi Apparatus
- C. Endoplasmic Reticulum
- D. Ribosomes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi Apparatus is the correct answer. It is responsible for packaging, processing, and shipping proteins and lipids within the cell. The nucleus houses genetic material, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, and ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are not the correct answers for the functions of packaging, processing, and shipping.
4. What is the initial step in the metabolism of food to cellular energy?
- A. Citric Acid Cycle
- B. Glycolysis
- C. Electron Transport Chain
- D. Photosynthesis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glycolysis. Glycolysis is the initial step in the metabolism of food to cellular energy. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the Citric Acid Cycle and Electron Transport Chain occur later in cellular respiration, while Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
5. What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
- A. Energy production
- B. Protein synthesis
- C. Waste removal
- D. Transport of materials
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum's primary function is the transport of materials within the cell. It acts as a network of membranes to assist in the transportation of proteins and other substances throughout the cell. Choice A, 'Energy production,' is incorrect because the endoplasmic reticulum is not directly involved in energy production. Choice B, 'Protein synthesis,' is incorrect as protein synthesis mainly occurs in ribosomes, although the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in modifying and transporting proteins. Choice C, 'Waste removal,' is also incorrect as waste removal is primarily handled by other organelles like lysosomes and peroxisomes.
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