Nursing Elites

1. A cell from heart muscle would more than likely contain an unusually high proportion of which of the following?

• A. lysosomes
• B. mitochondria
• C. mRNA
• D. ribosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A cell from heart muscle would more than likely contain an unusually high proportion of mitochondria because the heart muscle requires a significant amount of energy to function properly. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Therefore, to meet the high energy demands of the heart muscle, it would need a higher concentration of mitochondria compared to other cell types. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while lysosomes, mRNA, and ribosomes are essential components of a cell, they do not play as direct a role in meeting the high energy demands of heart muscle as mitochondria do.

2. The renal system consists of all the organs involved in the formation and release of urine and includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

• A. The digestive system
• B. The reproductive system
• C. The renal system
• D. The kidney system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct term for the system involving the organs responsible for the formation and release of urine is the renal system, not the digestive or reproductive system. The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra are specifically part of the renal system, which is responsible for filtering the blood to remove waste and excess fluids, producing urine, and eliminating it from the body. The other choices, the digestive system and the reproductive system, are not responsible for the formation and release of urine, making them incorrect answers.

3. Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?

• A. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• B. Lysosomes
• C. Peroxisomes
• D. Golgi Apparatus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell by breaking down fatty acids and producing hydrogen peroxide. This process helps protect the cell from damage caused by toxic substances. Choice A, Endoplasmic Reticulum, is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, not detoxification. Choice B, Lysosomes, contain enzymes for digestion and waste removal, not primarily detoxification. Choice D, Golgi Apparatus, is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion, not detoxification.

4. Which is an example of a gymnosperm?

• A. Red cedar
• B. Japanese cherry
• C. Flowering dogwood
• D. American chestnut

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Red cedar is the correct answer as it is an example of a gymnosperm. Gymnosperms are plants that produce seeds not enclosed within an ovary or fruit. In the case of red cedar, it belongs to the gymnosperm group and has naked seeds that are exposed on the surface of scales or leaves. Choices B, C, and D are angiosperms, not gymnosperms. Japanese cherry, flowering dogwood, and American chestnut are all examples of angiosperms, which are flowering plants with seeds enclosed within an ovary.

5. How does water affect the temperature of a living thing?

• A. Water increases temperature.
• B. Water keeps temperature stable.
• C. Water decreases temperature.
• D. Water does not affect temperature.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Water has a high specific heat capacity, which means it can absorb and release large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change. This property helps water regulate the temperature of living things by maintaining a stable environment. Choice A is incorrect because water does not consistently increase temperature, but rather helps in temperature regulation. Choice C is incorrect as water doesn't typically decrease temperature in living organisms. Choice D is incorrect since water does play a crucial role in regulating temperature.

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