HESI A2
Chemistry HESI A2 Practice Test
1. Which of the following factors would not affect rates of reaction?
- A. Temperature
- B. Surface area
- C. Pressure
- D. Time
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Time would not directly affect rates of reaction. The rate of a chemical reaction is determined by factors that affect the frequency of successful collisions between reactant molecules, leading to a reaction. Temperature, surface area, and pressure can influence reaction rates by impacting the kinetic energy of molecules, the exposed surface for collisions, and the concentration of reactants, respectively. However, time, in the context of this question, does not alter the rate of reaction but may affect the extent of the reaction or the amount of product formed over time.
2. What is the number of protons in the atomic nucleus of an alkali metal?
- A. 9
- B. 10
- C. 11
- D. 12
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The number of protons in the atomic nucleus of an alkali metal is 11. Alkali metals, belonging to group 1 of the periodic table, have 1 electron in their outer shell, which corresponds to 1 proton in their nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is option C: 11. Choice A (9) is incorrect because it does not match the number of protons in an alkali metal. Choice B (10) is incorrect as it is also not the correct number of protons for an alkali metal. Choice D (12) is incorrect as it is not the typical number of protons found in the nucleus of an alkali metal.
3. Radioactive isotopes are frequently used in medicine. What kind of half-life would a medical isotope probably have?
- A. Seconds-long
- B. Days-long
- C. Years-long
- D. Many years long
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Medical isotopes used in diagnosis and treatment need to have a relatively short half-life to minimize radiation exposure to patients. If the half-life were too long (such as many years) or even years-long, the radiation would persist for too long and could be harmful to the patient. Seconds-long half-lives would not provide enough time for the isotope to be effective. Days-long half-lives strike a balance between providing enough time for the isotope to be used effectively and minimizing radiation exposure.
4. Which ion would you expect to dominate in water solutions of bases?
- A. MgCl₂
- B. 2HCl
- C. H⁺
- D. OH⁻
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In water solutions of bases, the dominant ion would be OH⁻ (hydroxide ion). Bases release OH⁻ ions when dissolved in water, increasing the concentration of hydroxide ions and leading to a higher pH. This is in contrast to acids, which release H⁺ ions. Therefore, in water solutions of bases, the presence of OH⁻ ions signifies the basic nature of the solution. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because MgCl₂ is a salt, 2HCl is a compound consisting of two hydrogen ions and one chloride ion, and H⁺ represents a hydrogen ion typically associated with acids, not bases.
5. On what concept is Kelvin based?
- A. Freezing point
- B. Absolute zero
- C. Boiling point
- D. Evaporation point
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absolute zero. Kelvin is based on the concept of absolute zero, which is the point where molecular movement ceases entirely. This temperature scale starts at absolute zero (0K), where theoretically no molecular movement occurs. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Kelvin is not based on the freezing point, boiling point, or evaporation point, but rather on the absolute absence of molecular motion.
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