Nursing Elites

1. Cells reproduce by different processes, all of which fall into what two categories?

• A. Sexual reproduction and binary fission
• B. Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
• C. Asexual reproduction and binary fission
• D. Asexual reproduction and mitosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cells reproduce through two main processes: 'sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.' Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes to produce offspring with genetic variation, while asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring genetically identical to the parent. Choice A is incorrect because binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction, not sexual reproduction. Choice C is incorrect because it combines two forms of asexual reproduction. Choice D is incorrect because mitosis is a specific type of cell division, not a form of reproduction involving the production of offspring.

2. Choose the two bases that have two carbon rings:

• A. Adenine
• B. Cytosine
• C. Thymine
• D. Guanine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Adenine and guanine have two carbon rings and are known as purines. These bases are found in nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Adenine (option A) and guanine (option D) are the correct choices as they both have two carbon rings in their molecular structure. Cytosine (option B) and thymine (option C) have a single carbon ring each, making them incorrect choices for bases with two carbon rings.

3. Where can epithelial tissue be found?

• A. Organ lining
• B. Heart muscle
• C. Tendons
• D. Spinal cord

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Epithelial tissue is primarily found lining the surfaces of organs, such as the skin and the linings of various internal organs like the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and blood vessels. It serves as a protective barrier and helps with absorption and secretion. Heart muscle is made up of cardiac muscle tissue, tendons are primarily composed of dense connective tissue, and the spinal cord is composed of nervous tissue, none of which are classified as epithelial tissue.

4. Why is DNA important for the metabolic activities of the cell?

• A. It initiates cellular mitosis.
• B. It provides cell wall stability.
• C. It increases glucose absorption.
• D. It controls the synthesis of enzymes.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: DNA is important for the metabolic activities of the cell because it controls the synthesis of enzymes. Enzymes are essential for catalyzing metabolic reactions in the cell. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because DNA is not directly involved in cellular mitosis, cell wall stability, or glucose absorption.

5. In an example of a male with hemophilia and a female carrier, what ratio of the offspring are predicted neither to carry nor to manifest the disease?

• A. 0 females : 1 male
• B. 1 female : 1 male
• C. 1 female : 0 males
• D. 2 females : 1 male

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the male offspring will inherit the Y chromosome from the father and the X chromosome from the carrier mother. As a result, they will not have the hemophilia gene. The female offspring will inherit one X chromosome from the mother, which does not carry the hemophilia gene, and one X chromosome from the father, which does not exist due to the Y chromosome. Therefore, all female offspring will not carry or manifest hemophilia, resulting in a ratio of 2 females to 1 male. Choice A is incorrect because it does not account for the female offspring. Choices B and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the correct ratio based on the inheritance pattern of hemophilia.

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