HESI A2
HESI A2 Practice Test Biology
1. What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?
- A. Break down cellular waste
- B. Organize cellular division
- C. Synthesize proteins
- D. Provide cellular structure
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Synthesize proteins. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis by linking amino acids together. Choice A is incorrect because ribosomes do not break down cellular waste. Choice B is incorrect as ribosomes do not organize cellular division. Choice D is incorrect because ribosomes do not provide cellular structure.
2. Which of the following organelles are responsible for producing cell energy?
- A. Mitochondrion and chloroplast
- B. Mitochondrion and nucleus
- C. Chloroplast and nucleus
- D. Chloroplast and lysosome
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mitochondrion and chloroplast. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for producing cell energy through cellular respiration and photosynthesis, respectively. Choice B is incorrect because the nucleus is not involved in energy production. Choice C is incorrect as the nucleus is not an organelle that produces energy. Choice D is incorrect as lysosomes function in digesting waste materials, not in energy production.
3. Which molecule is primarily responsible for storing energy in cells?
- A. Glucose
- B. ATP
- C. Fatty acids
- D. Starch
Correct answer: B
Rationale: ATP is the correct answer because it is the molecule responsible for storing and providing energy in cells. Glucose is a source of energy but not primarily for storage. Fatty acids are more involved in energy production through oxidation. Starch is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants.
4. Which cell organelle functions to transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell?
- A. Ribosome
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Lysosome
- D. Vacuole
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is the correct answer because it functions to transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not transportation of materials. Lysosomes contain enzymes for digestion and waste removal, not for transporting materials. Vacuoles are primarily involved in storage, waste disposal, and maintaining turgor pressure, not in transporting materials from the endoplasmic reticulum.
5. Which of the following are considered the most important molecules in biology?
- A. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids
- B. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and calcium
- C. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and sulfur
- D. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and iron
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids are considered the most important molecules in biology. Carbohydrates are essential for providing energy, lipids for storing energy and forming cell membranes, proteins for various structural and functional roles, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) for storing genetic information. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are crucial biomolecules, calcium, sulfur, and iron are not considered among the most important molecules in biology.
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