HESI A2
HESI A2 Practice Test Biology
1. Which of the following is not a product of the Krebs cycle?
- A. carbon dioxide
- B. oxygen
- C. adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- D. energy carriers
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: oxygen. Oxygen is not a product of the Krebs cycle. During the Krebs cycle, carbon dioxide, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and energy carriers like NADH and FADH2 are produced. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of the cycle, ATP is a form of energy produced, and energy carriers play a crucial role in transferring energy within the cell. Therefore, oxygen is the only option that is not a product of the Krebs cycle, making it the correct answer.
2. Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing ATP in cells?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Chloroplast
- D. Lysosome
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Mitochondrion.' Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material and controlling cell activities, not for ATP production. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, not ATP production. Lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal, not ATP production.
3. Which of the following structures is not directly involved in translation?
- A. tRNA
- B. mRNA
- C. ribosome
- D. DNA
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: DNA.' DNA is not directly involved in translation, which is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA. tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome, mRNA provides the template for protein synthesis, and ribosomes are the cellular machinery where translation occurs. DNA's main role is in transcription, where it serves as the template for mRNA synthesis, not in translation.
4. Which of the following is not found within a bacterial cell?
- A. mitochondria
- B. DNA
- C. vesicles
- D. ribosome
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: mitochondria. Mitochondria are not found in bacterial cells. Bacterial cells lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, which are commonly found in eukaryotic cells. Choices B, C, and D are all components that can be found within a bacterial cell. Bacterial cells contain DNA as their genetic material, vesicles for various cellular functions, and ribosomes for protein synthesis. Therefore, the presence of mitochondria is the distinguishing factor that is not found in bacterial cells, making option A the correct answer.
5. Which of the following cell types has no nucleus?
- A. platelet
- B. red blood cell
- C. white blood cell
- D. phagocyte
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, red blood cell. In humans, red blood cells do not have a nucleus. This unique feature allows them to have more space to carry oxygen efficiently. Platelets (choice A), white blood cells (choice C), and phagocytes (choice D) all have nuclei. Platelets are cell fragments, while white blood cells and phagocytes are types of immune cells that contain a nucleus for DNA and cellular functions.
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