HESI A2
HESI A2 Practice Test Biology
1. Which of the following cell types has no nucleus?
- A. platelet
- B. red blood cell
- C. white blood cell
- D. phagocyte
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, red blood cell. In humans, red blood cells do not have a nucleus. This unique feature allows them to have more space to carry oxygen efficiently. Platelets (choice A), white blood cells (choice C), and phagocytes (choice D) all have nuclei. Platelets are cell fragments, while white blood cells and phagocytes are types of immune cells that contain a nucleus for DNA and cellular functions.
2. What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?
- A. Break down cellular waste
- B. Organize cellular division
- C. Synthesize proteins
- D. Provide cellular structure
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Synthesize proteins. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis by linking amino acids together. Choice A is incorrect because ribosomes do not break down cellular waste. Choice B is incorrect as ribosomes do not organize cellular division. Choice D is incorrect because ribosomes do not provide cellular structure.
3. During protein synthesis, what process uses an RNA strand to produce a complementary strand of DNA?
- A. Transcription
- B. Translation
- C. Transfer synthesis
- D. Codon synthesis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Transcription.' During transcription, an RNA strand is used to produce a complementary strand of DNA. This process is essential for converting the genetic information stored in DNA into RNA. Choice B, 'Translation,' is incorrect as it involves the synthesis of proteins from mRNA. Choice C, 'Transfer synthesis,' is not a recognized term in molecular biology. Choice D, 'Codon synthesis,' is also incorrect as it does not refer to the process of using an RNA strand to produce a complementary DNA strand.
4. Why is DNA important for metabolic activities of the cell?
- A. It controls the synthesis of enzymes.
- B. It stabilizes the cell wall.
- C. It initiates cell division.
- D. It prevents diffusion of nutrients.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. DNA plays a crucial role in metabolic activities by controlling the synthesis of enzymes. Enzymes are the biological catalysts that regulate and facilitate metabolic reactions within the cell. Choice B is incorrect because DNA is not involved in stabilizing the cell wall; that role is usually associated with other components like the cell membrane. Choice C is incorrect as cell division is primarily regulated by different processes and molecules, not directly by DNA. Choice D is incorrect because DNA is not related to preventing the diffusion of nutrients; instead, it is involved in coding for proteins that aid in various cellular functions.
5. How are lipids different from other organic molecules?
- A. They are indivisible.
- B. They are not water soluble.
- C. They contain zinc.
- D. They form long proteins.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'They are not water soluble.' Lipids are not water-soluble, which distinguishes them from other organic molecules. Choice A is incorrect because lipids are not indivisible; they can be broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Choice C is incorrect as lipids do not necessarily contain zinc; they are a diverse group of molecules. Choice D is incorrect because lipids do not form long proteins; proteins are made up of amino acids, not lipids.
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