HESI A2
HESI A2 Practice Test Biology
1. Which organelle is responsible for organizing protein synthesis?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Ribosome
- C. Lysosome
- D. Vacuole
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ribosome. Ribosomes are responsible for organizing protein synthesis by assembling amino acids. They are the cellular machinery where proteins are synthesized. The other choices, such as the nucleus, lysosome, and vacuole, do not directly participate in protein synthesis. The nucleus contains DNA and controls cell activities, the lysosome is involved in digestion and waste removal, and the vacuole is responsible for storage and maintaining cell turgor pressure.
2. Which of the following is a protein?
- A. cellulose
- B. hemoglobin
- C. estrogen
- D. ATP
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'hemoglobin' because it is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood. Cellulose is a carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, not a protein. Estrogen is a hormone, not a protein. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that carries energy within cells, not a protein.
3. Which of the following describes how a bacterium reproduces?
- A. Mitosis
- B. Meiosis
- C. Binary fission
- D. Cytokinesis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Bacteria reproduce through a process called 'binary fission.' During binary fission, a bacterium duplicates its DNA and then divides into two identical daughter cells. This method is the primary way bacteria replicate. Choice A, 'Mitosis,' is incorrect because mitosis is a process specific to eukaryotic cells, where the nucleus divides to produce two identical nuclei. Choice B, 'Meiosis,' is incorrect as meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that produces gametes with half the chromosome number. Choice D, 'Cytokinesis,' is not the correct answer as cytokinesis is the physical process of cell division, which occurs after the genetic material has been divided in mitosis or meiosis.
4. During which phase is the chromosome number reduced from diploid to haploid?
- A. S phase
- B. interphase
- C. mitosis
- D. meiosis I
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'meiosis I.' During meiosis I, the chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid through two rounds of division. Choice A ('S phase') is incorrect as the S phase is part of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated. Choice B ('interphase') is also incorrect as interphase is the phase where the cell prepares for division. Choice C ('mitosis') is incorrect as mitosis is a process where a diploid cell divides to produce two identical diploid daughter cells, maintaining the chromosome number.
5. How does water affect the temperature of a living thing?
- A. Water increases temperature.
- B. Water keeps temperature stable.
- C. Water decreases temperature.
- D. Water does not affect temperature.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Water has a high specific heat capacity, which means it can absorb and release large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change. This property helps water regulate the temperature of living things by maintaining a stable environment. Choice A is incorrect because water does not consistently increase temperature, but rather helps in temperature regulation. Choice C is incorrect as water doesn't typically decrease temperature in living organisms. Choice D is incorrect since water does play a crucial role in regulating temperature.
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