HESI A2
HESI A2 Practice Test Biology
1. Which organelle contains the genetic material of the cell?
- A. Golgi apparatus
- B. Ribosome
- C. Endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Nucleus
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Nucleus.' The nucleus is the organelle that contains the cell's genetic material, which is the DNA. The genetic material in the nucleus controls the cell's activities and plays a crucial role in inheritance. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging of proteins; ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis; and endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transportation, but none of them contain the genetic material of the cell.
2. Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing ATP in cells?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Chloroplast
- D. Lysosome
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Mitochondrion.' Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material and controlling cell activities, not for ATP production. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, not ATP production. Lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal, not ATP production.
3. What is the first step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?
- A. Glycolysis
- B. Krebs cycle
- C. Electron transport chain
- D. Aerobic respiration
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Glycolysis. Glycolysis is the initial step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate through a series of enzymatic reactions. Choice B, the Krebs cycle, occurs after glycolysis in aerobic cellular respiration. Choice C, the Electron transport chain, is the final step in aerobic respiration where the majority of ATP is produced. Choice D, Aerobic respiration, is a broader term that encompasses glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, but it is not the specific first step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate.
4. What is the second part of an organism’s scientific name?
- A. species
- B. phylum
- C. population
- D. kingdom
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'species.' In binomial nomenclature, the second part of an organism's scientific name represents its species. The species name is a unique identifier within the genus and helps differentiate between different organisms within the same genus. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Phylum is a taxonomic rank higher than species, population refers to a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area, and kingdom is a taxonomic rank higher than genus.
5. During protein synthesis, what process creates a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template?
- A. Transcription
- B. Translation
- C. Transformation
- D. Replication
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Transcription.' During protein synthesis, transcription is the process that creates a complementary RNA strand from a DNA template. This process involves the synthesis of mRNA using DNA as a template. Choice B, 'Translation,' is incorrect as it is the process where the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide chain. Choice C, 'Transformation,' is not related to the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template. Choice D, 'Replication,' is the process of copying DNA to produce an identical DNA molecule, not RNA.
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