HESI A2
HESI A2 Chemistry Practice Questions
1. Which substance forms hydroxide ions when placed in water?
- A. Lemon juice
- B. Battery acid
- C. Vinegar
- D. Lye
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, lye. Lye, also known as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is a strong base that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) when placed in water. When lye dissolves in water, it dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions, making it an alkaline substance. Lemon juice, battery acid, and vinegar do not form hydroxide ions when placed in water. Lemon juice contains citric acid, battery acid contains sulfuric acid, and vinegar contains acetic acid, none of which produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
2. Arsenic and silicon are examples of ___________.
- A. metals
- B. nonmetals
- C. metalloids
- D. heavy metals
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Arsenic and silicon are both examples of metalloids. Metalloids have properties that lie between those of metals and nonmetals. They exhibit characteristics of both groups, making them versatile elements with various applications in different industries. Choice A (metals) is incorrect as arsenic and silicon do not exhibit typical metallic properties. Choice B (nonmetals) is incorrect as they do not possess all the properties of nonmetals. Choice D (heavy metals) is incorrect as heavy metals refer to a different group of elements with high atomic weights, and arsenic and silicon are not categorized as heavy metals.
3. Cobalt-60 has a half-life of 5 years. If you start with 20 g of cobalt-60, how much is left after 10 years?
- A. 15 g
- B. 10 g
- C. 5 g
- D. 2.5 g
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cobalt-60's half-life of 5 years means that after 5 years, half of the initial amount remains. Therefore, after 10 years, a quarter (half of a half) of the initial amount will remain. Starting with 20 g, after 10 years, 5 g of cobalt-60 will be left. Choice A (15 g) is incorrect because it assumes a linear decrease, not considering the exponential decay characteristic of radioactive substances. Choice B (10 g) is incorrect as it overlooks that after 10 years, more decay has occurred. Choice D (2.5 g) is incorrect as it represents only an eighth of the initial amount after 10 years, not a quarter.
4. Which best defines the molarity of an aqueous sugar solution?
- A. Grams of sugar per milliliter of solution
- B. Moles of sugar per milliliter of solution
- C. Grams of sugar per liter of solution
- D. Moles of sugar per liter of solution
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solvent. In the case of an aqueous sugar solution, the molarity would be expressed as moles of sugar per liter of solution. This is because molarity is a measurement of the concentration of a solute in a solution based on the number of moles present in a given volume of the solution. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the molarity is specifically defined in terms of moles of solute per liter of solution, not in grams per milliliter or grams per liter. Molarity is a unit of concentration that relates the amount of solute to the volume of the solution, not the mass of the solute.
5. Which element has an atomic mass greater than that of sodium?
- A. Boron
- B. Oxygen
- C. Fluorine
- D. Silicon
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Silicon has an atomic mass greater than that of sodium. The atomic mass of silicon is approximately 28.0855 u, whereas the atomic mass of sodium is approximately 22.9898 u. Therefore, silicon has a greater atomic mass compared to sodium. Boron, Oxygen, and Fluorine have atomic masses lower than sodium, making them incorrect choices in this context.
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