HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology 2023
1. What is the function of the pituitary gland?
- A. Regulating metabolism
- B. Producing bile
- C. Filtering blood
- D. Controlling muscle movement
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The pituitary gland, known as the 'master gland,' plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes by secreting hormones that control other endocrine glands. This includes the regulation of metabolism, growth, reproduction, stress response, and more. Therefore, the correct function of the pituitary gland is regulating metabolism, making choice A the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the pituitary gland is not involved in producing bile, filtering blood, or controlling muscle movement.
2. Which organ in the body is responsible for insulin production?
- A. Pancreas
- B. Liver
- C. Gallbladder
- D. Kidneys
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin, a hormone crucial for regulating blood glucose levels. Insulin plays a key role in allowing cells to take in glucose, thereby helping to keep blood sugar levels in check. The liver (choice B), gallbladder (choice C), and kidneys (choice D) do not produce insulin. The liver is involved in glycogen storage and glucose regulation, the gallbladder stores bile, and the kidneys filter blood and regulate fluid balance.
3. What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
- A. To transport oxygen and nutrients
- B. To regulate body temperature
- C. To remove waste products
- D. To produce hormones
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'To transport oxygen and nutrients.' The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells throughout the body and remove waste products. Choice B is incorrect because regulating body temperature is primarily the function of the body's thermoregulatory system, including sweat glands and blood vessels near the skin surface. Choice C is incorrect because while the cardiovascular system does help remove waste products through circulation, it is not its primary function. Choice D is incorrect as hormone production is mainly carried out by endocrine glands, not the cardiovascular system.
4. Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary?
- A. Cardiac muscle
- B. Skeletal muscle
- C. Smooth muscle
- D. Striated muscle
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is a type of voluntary muscle tissue, allowing conscious control over its movement. Unlike smooth and cardiac muscle, which are involuntary, skeletal muscle is under direct voluntary control. Cardiac muscle (choice A) is involuntary and found in the heart. Smooth muscle (choice C) is also involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs. While skeletal muscle is striated (contains stripes), choice D is not the best answer as it does not specifically address the voluntary nature of skeletal muscle.
5. What is the function of the liver in the body?
- A. To filter blood
- B. To produce bile and detoxify substances
- C. To produce insulin
- D. To produce red blood cells
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To produce bile and detoxify substances.' The liver's primary functions include producing bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats, and detoxifying harmful substances in the blood. While the liver does play a role in blood filtration, its key functions are related to bile production and detoxification. Choices C and D are incorrect because the liver does not produce insulin (produced by the pancreas) or red blood cells (produced in the bone marrow).
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