HESI A2
Chemistry HESI A2 Quizlet
1. What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
- A. Slows down the reaction
- B. Has no effect
- C. Speeds up the reaction
- D. Stops the reaction
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. It does not get consumed in the reaction and remains unchanged at the end, allowing it to facilitate multiple reaction cycles. Choice A is incorrect because a catalyst actually speeds up the reaction. Choice B is incorrect because catalysts do have an effect by accelerating the reaction. Choice D is incorrect because catalysts do not stop the reaction, but rather increase the reaction rate.
2. What are the three types of intermolecular forces?
- A. Ionic, covalent, hydrogen
- B. Hydrogen bonding, dipole interactions, dispersion forces
- C. Van der Waals, ionic, covalent
- D. Hydrogen, Van der Waals, dispersion forces
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The three types of intermolecular forces are hydrogen bonding, dipole interactions, and dispersion forces. Option A includes ionic and covalent bonds, which are intramolecular forces, not intermolecular. Option C includes van der Waals forces, which encompass dipole interactions and dispersion forces, but also includes ionic and covalent bonds. Option D is close but misses dipole interactions, which are distinct from hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces. Therefore, option B is the correct choice as it includes the three specific types of intermolecular forces.
3. Which branch of chemistry deals with the quantities and numeric relationships between compounds in a chemical reaction?
- A. Stoichiometry
- B. Molecular chemistry
- C. Atomic chemistry
- D. Thermodynamics
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions. It involves the calculation of quantities of substances consumed and produced in a chemical reaction based on the balanced chemical equation. Choice B, 'Molecular chemistry,' is incorrect as it focuses on the structure, properties, and reactions of molecules. Choice C, 'Atomic chemistry,' is incorrect as it primarily deals with the study of atoms and their interactions. Choice D, 'Thermodynamics,' is incorrect as it pertains to the study of energy and heat transfer in chemical and physical processes.
4. What can stop the penetration of alpha particles?
- A. Aluminum foil
- B. Glass
- C. Piece of paper
- D. Plastic
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Alpha particles can be stopped by a piece of paper due to their low penetration power. The paper acts as a shield, effectively blocking the alpha particles from passing through. In contrast, materials like aluminum foil, glass, and plastic are not as effective as a simple piece of paper in stopping alpha particles. Aluminum foil is more effective against beta particles, gamma rays, and x-rays due to its higher density. Glass and plastic also provide some protection against beta particles and gamma rays, but they are less effective than a piece of paper against alpha particles.
5. What are negatively charged ions called?
- A. Neutrons
- B. Protons
- C. Anions
- D. Cations
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Negatively charged ions are called anions. Anions gain electrons and carry a negative charge, which distinguishes them from cations that are positively charged and neutrons and protons that are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Choice A, Neutrons, are neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom, not negatively charged ions. Choice B, Protons, are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom, not negatively charged ions. Choice D, Cations, are positively charged ions that lose electrons, which is opposite to the behavior of negatively charged ions.
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