HESI A2
Chemistry HESI A2 Quizlet
1. What can stop the penetration of beta radiation particles?
- A. Plastic
- B. Glass
- C. Aluminum foil
- D. Concrete
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Beta radiation particles are high-energy, fast-moving electrons or positrons. Aluminum foil is effective in stopping beta radiation due to its ability to absorb and block these particles. When beta particles interact with the aluminum foil, they lose energy and are absorbed, preventing their penetration. Plastic and glass are not as effective as aluminum foil in stopping beta radiation. While concrete provides some shielding against beta particles, aluminum foil is a more suitable material for this purpose as it offers better absorption and blocking capabilities.
2. If electrons are shared equally in a covalent bond, the bond is classified as what?
- A. Polar
- B. Non-polar
- C. Ionic
- D. Hydrogen
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Non-polar. In a non-polar covalent bond, electrons are shared equally between the atoms involved, leading to a balanced distribution of charge and no significant difference in electronegativity between the atoms. This equal sharing results in a non-polar bond. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a polar bond involves an unequal sharing of electrons, an ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons, and a hydrogen bond is a specific type of non-covalent bond.
3. What type of chemical reaction involves the reaction of a compound with oxygen?
- A. Decomposition
- B. Synthesis
- C. Combustion
- D. Single replacement
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Combustion. A combustion reaction is characterized by a compound reacting with oxygen. During this process, heat and light are often produced as energy is released in the form of heat. Combustion is a common type of reaction involving organic compounds, like hydrocarbons, reacting with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because decomposition involves a compound breaking down into simpler substances, synthesis involves the combination of two or more substances to form a more complex one, and single replacement involves an element replacing another element in a compound.
4. What type of bond is an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions?
- A. Covalent
- B. Metallic
- C. Ionic
- D. Hydrogen
Correct answer: C
Rationale: An ionic bond forms when one atom transfers electrons to another, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions. The attraction between these oppositely charged ions creates an electrostatic bond, known as an ionic bond. Choice A, covalent bonds, involve the sharing of electrons, not the transfer. Choice B, metallic bonds, occur between metal atoms and involve a 'sea of electrons' that are delocalized. Choice D, hydrogen bonds, are much weaker interactions between hydrogen atoms and other electronegative atoms like oxygen or nitrogen.
5. How does increasing the concentration of reactants affect a chemical reaction?
- A. Decreases the reaction rate
- B. Increases the reaction rate
- C. Stops the reaction
- D. Has no effect
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Increasing the concentration of reactants leads to more reactant particles being available, which, in turn, increases the likelihood of successful collisions between particles. This higher frequency of collisions results in a higher reaction rate. Therefore, option B, 'Increases the reaction rate,' is the correct answer. Choice A, 'Decreases the reaction rate,' is incorrect because higher reactant concentration usually speeds up the reaction. Choice C, 'Stops the reaction,' is incorrect as increasing concentration promotes more collisions, enhancing the reaction. Choice D, 'Has no effect,' is incorrect because changing reactant concentration directly impacts the reaction rate in most cases.
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