HESI A2
Chemistry HESI A2 Quizlet
1. What is stoichiometry?
- A. The study of energy changes in chemical reactions
- B. The study of the mass relationships in chemical reactions
- C. The study of atomic structure
- D. The study of molecular geometry
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions. It focuses on the calculation of the amounts of substances consumed and produced in a reaction based on the balanced chemical equation. Choice A is incorrect because the study of energy changes in chemical reactions falls under thermodynamics. Choice C is incorrect as atomic structure is related to the arrangement of atoms within molecules. Choice D is incorrect as molecular geometry deals with the spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules.
2. What are negatively charged ions called?
- A. Neutrons
- B. Protons
- C. Anions
- D. Cations
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Negatively charged ions are called anions. Anions gain electrons and carry a negative charge, which distinguishes them from cations that are positively charged and neutrons and protons that are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Choice A, Neutrons, are neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom, not negatively charged ions. Choice B, Protons, are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom, not negatively charged ions. Choice D, Cations, are positively charged ions that lose electrons, which is opposite to the behavior of negatively charged ions.
3. How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
- A. By their atomic mass
- B. By their chemical properties
- C. By their physical state
- D. By their charge
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Elements are arranged in the periodic table based on their chemical properties, making choice B the correct answer. The periodic table is organized so that elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together in columns, known as groups or families. This arrangement allows for the identification of trends in the behavior of elements and predicting their properties based on their position in the table. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the periodic table primarily focuses on the chemical properties of elements, not solely on atomic mass, physical state, or charge.
4. What charge do Group IIIA elements have?
- A. +1
- B. +2
- C. +3
- D. 0
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Group IIIA elements, also known as Group 13 elements, have a common oxidation state of +3. This is because they have three valence electrons and tend to lose these electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, resulting in a +3 charge. Choice A (+1) and Choice B (+2) are incorrect because Group IIIA elements typically lose all three valence electrons to attain a stable configuration, leading to a +3 charge. Choice D (0) is incorrect as these elements do not gain electrons but rather lose them, resulting in a positive charge.
5. What determines polarity in a molecule?
- A. Bond length
- B. Bond strength
- C. Electronegativity
- D. Molecular weight
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Polarity in a molecule is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the atoms forming the bond. The greater the difference in electronegativity, the more polar the bond and molecule become. This difference leads to an uneven distribution of electron density within the bond, creating partial positive and negative charges on the atoms involved. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Bond length and strength do not determine polarity, and molecular weight is not directly related to the polarity of a molecule.
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