HESI A2
Chemistry HESI A2 Quizlet
1. What type of intermolecular force is a dipole attraction?
- A. Strong
- B. Weak
- C. Medium
- D. Very strong
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A dipole attraction is considered a weak intermolecular force. It occurs between molecules with permanent dipoles, where the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of another molecule. While dipole-dipole interactions are stronger than dispersion forces, they are weaker than hydrogen bonding or ion-dipole interactions. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Weak.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because dipole attractions are not classified as strong, medium, or very strong intermolecular forces, but rather fall into the category of weak intermolecular forces.
2. What charge do Group IIIA elements have?
- A. +1
- B. +2
- C. +3
- D. 0
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Group IIIA elements, also known as Group 13 elements, have a common oxidation state of +3. This is because they have three valence electrons and tend to lose these electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, resulting in a +3 charge. Choice A (+1) and Choice B (+2) are incorrect because Group IIIA elements typically lose all three valence electrons to attain a stable configuration, leading to a +3 charge. Choice D (0) is incorrect as these elements do not gain electrons but rather lose them, resulting in a positive charge.
3. Which law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction?
- A. Law of Conservation of Energy
- B. Law of Conservation of Mass
- C. Law of Constant Composition
- D. Law of Multiple Proportions
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Law of Conservation of Mass. This law, formulated by Antoine Lavoisier, states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. It is a fundamental principle in chemistry that explains the preservation of mass during chemical reactions, indicating that the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, not matter. C: The Law of Constant Composition refers to compounds having the same composition by mass regardless of their source or how they were prepared, not about the conservation of matter in reactions. D: The Law of Multiple Proportions describes the ratios in which elements combine to form compounds, not the conservation of mass.
4. What can stop the penetration of alpha particles?
- A. Aluminum foil
- B. Glass
- C. Piece of paper
- D. Plastic
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Alpha particles can be stopped by a piece of paper due to their low penetration power. The paper acts as a shield, effectively blocking the alpha particles from passing through. In contrast, materials like aluminum foil, glass, and plastic are not as effective as a simple piece of paper in stopping alpha particles. Aluminum foil is more effective against beta particles, gamma rays, and x-rays due to its higher density. Glass and plastic also provide some protection against beta particles and gamma rays, but they are less effective than a piece of paper against alpha particles.
5. What are the three types of intermolecular forces?
- A. Ionic, covalent, hydrogen
- B. Hydrogen bonding, dipole interactions, dispersion forces
- C. Van der Waals, ionic, covalent
- D. Hydrogen, Van der Waals, dispersion forces
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The three types of intermolecular forces are hydrogen bonding, dipole interactions, and dispersion forces. Option A includes ionic and covalent bonds, which are intramolecular forces, not intermolecular. Option C includes van der Waals forces, which encompass dipole interactions and dispersion forces, but also includes ionic and covalent bonds. Option D is close but misses dipole interactions, which are distinct from hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces. Therefore, option B is the correct choice as it includes the three specific types of intermolecular forces.
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