Nursing Elites

1. Through which structure do the kidneys reabsorb water, salts, and nutrients and return them to the body?

• A. Renal artery
• B. Renal vein
• C. Nephron
• D. Glomerulus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The question has been corrected to specify the structure responsible for reabsorbing water, salts, and nutrients in the kidneys. The correct answer is the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney that performs filtration and reabsorption processes. The renal artery brings blood into the kidney for filtration, the renal vein carries filtered blood away from the kidney, and the glomerulus is a part of the nephron where filtration occurs. Therefore, the nephron is the structure that reabsorbs substances and returns them to the body.

2. Which term describes the ability of a muscle to return to its original length and shape after being stretched or contracted?

• A. Contractility
• B. Elasticity
• C. Extensibility
• D. Excitability

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Elasticity is the correct term that describes the ability of a muscle to return to its original length and shape after being stretched or contracted. Contractility refers to the ability of a muscle to contract or shorten. Extensibility is the ability of a muscle to be stretched. Excitability is the ability of a muscle to receive and respond to stimuli. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Elasticity' as it specifically relates to the muscle's ability to regain its original form.

3. What is the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach?

• A. Pharynx
• B. Esophagus
• C. Trachea
• D. Larynx

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Esophagus. The esophagus is indeed the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. Food is transported down the esophagus via peristalsis, a series of muscle contractions. The pharynx is the area behind the mouth and nasal cavity, the trachea connects the larynx to the bronchi in the lungs, and the larynx is the voice box located in the throat. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect in the context of the question.

4. What is the process of breaking down proteins into amino acids called?

• A. Proteolysis
• B. Lipolysis
• C. Carbohydrate catabolism
• D. Nucleic acid catabolism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Proteolysis is the specific process of breaking down proteins into amino acids. Lipolysis refers to the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol, not proteins. Carbohydrate catabolism involves the breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose for energy production, not proteins. Nucleic acid catabolism is the breakdown of nucleic acids into nucleotides, not proteins. Therefore, in the context of breaking down proteins into amino acids, the correct term is proteolysis.

5. The process by which two or more species reciprocally influence each other's evolution through selection pressures exerted on one another is called:

• A. Convergent evolution
• B. Divergent evolution
• C. Coevolution
• D. Coevolution

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Convergent evolution refers to the process by which unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures. This does not involve reciprocal influence between species. B) Divergent evolution refers to the process by which two or more related species become more dissimilar over time due to different selection pressures. This also does not involve reciprocal influence between species. C) Coevolution is the process by which two or more species reciprocally influence each other's evolution through selection pressures exerted on one another. This can lead to a close ecological relationship between the species, such as in predator-prey interactions or mutualistic relationships. D) This option is a duplicate of option C.

Similar Questions