Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following phases of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids and their movement to opposite poles?

• A. Metaphase
• B. Anaphase
• C. Telophase
• D. Cytokinesis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During anaphase of mitosis, the sister chromatids, which are duplicated copies of a chromosome, separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. This movement is facilitated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromatids. As a result, each pole of the cell receives a complete set of chromosomes, ensuring that the daughter cells produced after cell division will have the correct number of chromosomes. Metaphase is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator, not their separation. Telophase is the phase following anaphase, where the separated chromatids reach the opposite poles and nuclear envelopes start to form around them. Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division, where the cytoplasm is divided to form two separate daughter cells.

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?

• A. They are solid at room temperature.
• B. They contain only single bonds.
• C. They have a higher melting point.
• D. They contain double or triple bonds.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Unsaturated fatty acids are characterized by the presence of double or triple bonds in their carbon chain. These bonds introduce kinks in the chain, preventing tight packing, and resulting in a lower melting point compared to saturated fatty acids. Choice A is incorrect because unsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature due to their kinked structure. Choice B is incorrect because unsaturated fatty acids contain double or triple bonds, not only single bonds. Choice C is incorrect as unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point compared to saturated fatty acids.

3. In which medium does light propagate at its highest speed?

• A. Air
• B. Water
• C. Glass
• D. Diamond

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Light travels at its highest speed in a vacuum. However, among the options provided, air is the closest medium to a vacuum, making it the correct answer. In general, light travels slower in denser mediums due to interactions with atoms and molecules in the medium. Water, glass, and diamond are denser mediums compared to air, causing light to propagate at slower speeds in these materials, hence making them incorrect choices.

4. Which of the following is the best unit to measure the amount of blood in the human body?

• A. Ounces
• B. Liters
• C. Milliliters
• D. Pounds

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Liters are the best unit to measure the amount of blood in the human body because blood volume is typically measured in liters in the medical field. Using liters provides a standardized and accurate measurement of the significant amount of blood in the human body, which is typically around 5-6 liters for an average-sized adult. Other units like ounces, milliliters, and pounds are not commonly used to measure blood volume in clinical settings. Ounces are too small a unit for measuring blood volume, milliliters are less commonly used in this context compared to liters, and pounds are a unit of weight rather than volume.

5. Four different groups of the same species of peas are grown and exposed to differing levels of sunlight, water, and fertilizer as documented in the table below. The data in the water and fertilizer columns indicate how many times the peas are watered or fertilized per week, respectively. Group 2 is the only group that withered. What is a reasonable explanation for this occurrence? Group Sunlight Water Fertilizer 1 partial sun 4 mL/hr 1 2 full sun 7 mL/hr 1 3 no sun 14 mL/hr 2 4 partial sun 3 mL/hr 2

• A. Insects gnawed away at the stem of the plant.
• B. The roots rotted due to poor drainage.
• C. The soil type had nutritional deficiencies.
• D. This species of peas does not thrive in full sunlight.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Group 2, the only group that withered, was exposed to full sun. This suggests that the species of peas being studied does not thrive in full sunlight, leading to its deterioration compared to the other groups with different light exposures. Choices A, B, and C are not the correct explanations for the withering of Group 2. There is no mention of insects in the stem, poor drainage, or soil nutritional deficiencies in the scenario provided. The key factor that sets Group 2 apart from the others is the full sunlight exposure, indicating that the species of peas is not suited for such conditions.

Similar Questions