Nursing Elites

1. Which process is characterized by nuclear fission?

• A. A heavy nucleus capturing a neutron and releasing energy
• B. The fusion of two nuclei to form a heavier element
• C. A lighter element emitting an alpha particle through radioactive decay
• D. An electron being absorbed by the nucleus with the release of a gamma ray

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nuclear fission is the process where a heavy nucleus, like uranium-235, captures a neutron, leading to its division into two lighter nuclei. This process releases a substantial amount of energy in the form of heat and gamma rays. It is utilized in nuclear power plants and atomic bombs due to its capacity to produce significant energy. Choices B, C, and D describe different nuclear processes: fusion of two nuclei to form a heavier element, emission of alpha particles from a lighter element through radioactive decay, and absorption of an electron by the nucleus with the release of a gamma ray, respectively. These processes are distinct from nuclear fission and do not involve the splitting of heavy nuclei into lighter ones.

2. What is the muscular tube that transports sperm from the testes to the urethra called?

• A. Epididymis
• B. Vas deferens
• C. Seminal vesicle
• D. Cowper's gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the vas deferens. It is the muscular tube responsible for carrying sperm from the testes to the urethra. After sperm is produced in the testes, it moves to the epididymis for maturation and storage. The seminal vesicle contributes fluid to semen, but it is not the tube that transports sperm. Cowper's gland also adds fluid to semen but is not involved in transporting sperm. Therefore, the vas deferens is the accurate choice for the muscular tube that transports sperm.

3. Which deadly disease was eliminated through an intensive vaccination program?

• A. AIDS
• B. Smallpox
• C. Diabetes type 1
• D. Rheumatoid arthritis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Smallpox was eradicated globally through an intensive vaccination program. The World Health Organization (WHO) led a successful global campaign to vaccinate people against smallpox, ultimately leading to its eradication in 1980. AIDS, diabetes type 1, and rheumatoid arthritis are serious conditions, but they were not eliminated through vaccination programs like smallpox. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Smallpox. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and remains a significant global health issue. Diabetes type 1 is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells, leading to high blood sugar levels. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation and pain.

4. When ethanol (C₂H₅OH) reacts with sodium metal (Na), what is the product?

• A. Ethene (C₂H₄)
• B. Sodium ethoxide (C₂H₅ONa)
• C. Ethane (C₂H₆)
• D. Sodium acetate (CH₃COONa)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When ethanol (C₂H₅OH) reacts with sodium metal (Na), the product formed is Sodium ethoxide (C₂H₅ONa). This reaction is a classic example of a metal displacing hydrogen in an alcohol to form an alkoxide. In this specific case, sodium replaces the hydrogen in ethanol, resulting in the formation of sodium ethoxide. Choice A, Ethene (C₂H₄), is incorrect as it is a different compound formed from the dehydration of ethanol, not its reaction with sodium. Choice C, Ethane (C₂H₆), is incorrect as it is a saturated hydrocarbon, not the product of the reaction of ethanol with sodium metal. Choice D, Sodium acetate (CH₃COONa), is incorrect as it involves acetic acid, not ethanol, reacting with sodium to form the salt sodium acetate.

5. What is the name for the flexible connection between bones at the wrist or ankle?

• A. Ligament
• B. Tendon
• C. Fascia
• D. Synovial joint

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ligament. Ligaments are tough bands of tissue that connect bones to other bones at joints, providing stability and support. In the case of the wrist or ankle, ligaments play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and allowing for proper movement of these joints. Tendons (option B) connect muscles to bones, not bones to bones. Fascia (option C) is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles and other structures, not connecting bones at joints. A synovial joint (option D) is a type of joint that allows for movement between bones, but it is not the flexible connection between bones at the wrist or ankle.

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