Nursing Elites

1. In hydraulic systems, Pascal's principle states that a pressure change applied to a confined incompressible fluid is:

• A. Amplified but loses energy
• B. Transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid
• C. Limited by the container size
• D. Dependent on the fluid type

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pascal's principle states that when a pressure change is applied to a confined incompressible fluid, the resulting pressure change is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid. This means that the pressure change will be the same at every point in the fluid, regardless of the container size or the type of fluid used. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Pascal's principle specifically emphasizes the transmission of pressure without amplification, limitation by container size, or dependence on the fluid type.

2. A 120-volt heat lamp draws 25 amps of current. What is the lamp’s resistance?

• A. 96 ohms
• B. 104 ohms
• C. 150 ohms
• D. 4.8 ohms

Correct answer: D

Rationale: To find the resistance of the lamp, we use Ohm’s Law, which states that resistance (R) is equal to voltage (V) divided by current (I), expressed as: R = V / I. Given that the voltage (V) is 120 volts and the current (I) is 25 amps, we substitute these values into the formula: R = 120 V / 25 A = 4.8 ohms. Therefore, the resistance of the lamp is 4.8 ohms. Choice A, 96 ohms, is incorrect as it is not the result of the correct calculation. Choice B, 104 ohms, is incorrect as it does not match the calculated resistance. Choice C, 150 ohms, is incorrect as it is not the correct resistance value obtained through the calculation.

3. In terms of electrical conductivity, semiconductors fall between

• A. Conductors and insulators
• B. Conductors and superconductors
• C. Insulators and dielectrics
• D. Superconductors and insulators

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Semiconductors have electrical conductivities that lie between those of conductors (high conductivity) and insulators (low conductivity). This positioning makes choice A, 'Conductors and insulators,' the correct answer. Choice B, 'Conductors and superconductors,' is incorrect because superconductors have perfect conductivity, not intermediate like semiconductors. Choice C, 'Insulators and dielectrics,' is incorrect because dielectrics are a type of insulator, so it doesn't show the progression from high to low conductivity. Choice D, 'Superconductors and insulators,' is incorrect because superconductors have the highest conductivity, opposite to the role of semiconductors.

4. A 5-cm candle is placed 20 cm away from a concave mirror with a focal length of 15 cm. About what is the image height of the candle in the mirror?

• A. 30.5 cm
• B. 15.625 cm
• C. −15 cm
• D. −30.5 cm

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The magnification formula for a mirror is given by M = -f / (f - d), where f is the focal length of the mirror, and d is the object distance from the mirror. Using the mirror equation and magnification formula, the image height is found to be negative because it is inverted. Plugging in the values (f = 15 cm, d = 20 cm) into the formula gives M = -15 / (15 - 20) = -15 / -5 = 3. The negative sign indicates that the image is inverted. The image height is then calculated by multiplying the magnification by the object height: 3 * 5 cm = 15 cm. Therefore, the correct image height is approximately -15 cm. Choice A (30.5 cm) and Choice D (-30.5 cm) are incorrect as they do not consider the inversion of the image. Choice C (-15 cm) is also incorrect because it neglects the negative sign, which indicates the inversion of the image.

5. An incandescent lamp consumes 60 Joules of energy per second. What is the power rating of this lamp?

• A. 1 Watt (W)
• B. 60 Watts (W)
• C. 1/60 Joules
• D. Impossible to determine without knowing the voltage

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Power is defined as energy consumed per unit time. If the lamp consumes 60 Joules of energy per second, the power rating is 60 Watts. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choice A ('1 Watt') is incorrect because the lamp consumes 60 Joules per second, not 1 Joule per second. Choice C ('1/60 Joules') is incorrect as it does not represent the power rating. Choice D ('Impossible to determine without knowing the voltage') is incorrect because power can be calculated using energy consumption per unit time without needing to know the voltage.

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