hemophilia is a sex linked trait carried on the x chromosome in an example of a male with hemophilia and a female carrier what ratio of the offspring
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HESI A2

Biology HESI A2 2024

1. In an example of a male with hemophilia and a female carrier, what ratio of the offspring is predicted to have the disease?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the male offspring will inherit the hemophilia trait from their mother due to the sex-linked inheritance pattern. The female offspring will inherit one X chromosome from their mother, becoming carriers of hemophilia. Therefore, the predicted ratio of offspring with the disease would be 1 female as a carrier and 2 males with hemophilia. Choice A is incorrect because there would be male offspring with the disease. Choice B is incorrect as there would be male offspring with hemophilia. Choice D is incorrect as it does not reflect the inheritance pattern of hemophilia.

2. What event occurs during telophase?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During telophase, the final stage of mitosis, the separated chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell. At this stage, a new nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes, creating two distinct nuclei. This marks the completion of cell division. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the disappearance of the nuclear envelope typically occurs during prophase, organelles do not double in number during telophase, and chromosomes separate during anaphase, not telophase.

3. Which component is not found in the nucleotide of DNA?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Citric acid is not found in the nucleotide of DNA. A DNA nucleotide is composed of a simple sugar (deoxyribose), a nitrogen base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine), and a phosphate group. Citric acid is not part of DNA nucleotides; instead, it is involved in the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. Choices A, B, and C are essential components of DNA nucleotides, making them incorrect answers.

4. A student was asked to count birds in a given location over a 24-hour period. Which count would make their data most valid?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Counting birds at one feeder at consistent time intervals (noon and 6:00 P.M.) over a 24-hour period ensures that the data collected are evenly distributed and provide a more accurate representation of the bird population in that location throughout the day. This method allows for observations during different times of the day, capturing potential variations in bird activity and distribution. Choice A is not as effective as it lacks observations at different times of the day, potentially missing variations in bird behavior. Choice B involves multiple locations and times, which could introduce more variables and make it harder to analyze the data accurately. Choice D, counting birds at three feeders every 6 hours, may provide too frequent data points and not cover all significant time intervals for observing bird activity.

5. Which of the following is false?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement "B. Animal cells use chloroplasts to gain energy" is false. Chloroplasts are only present in plant cells and certain algae, where they are responsible for photosynthesis to generate energy from sunlight. Animal cells rely on other organelles, such as mitochondria, for energy production. Choice A is true because animal cells use lysosomes to break down old cells and cellular waste. Choice C is true as plant cells have a cell wall composed of cellulose that provides structural support and protection.

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