Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone deficiency can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays in children?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Testosterone
• C. Growth hormone
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Growth hormone. Growth hormone plays a crucial role in stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in children. A deficiency in growth hormone can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays. Estrogen and testosterone are sex hormones that do not directly influence growth in the same way as growth hormone. Insulin primarily regulates blood sugar levels and is not the primary hormone responsible for growth and development in children.

2. Consider the graph representing a botanist's data on root growth. What is the independent variable?

• A. Temperature
• B. Root tissue
• C. Light exposure
• D. Root length

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The independent variable is the factor that is intentionally changed or manipulated by the researcher. In this case, light exposure is the independent variable because it is being controlled and tested to observe its effect on root growth. Choices A, B, and D are not the independent variable in this scenario. Temperature, root tissue, and root length are likely dependent variables that could be influenced by the changes in light exposure.

3. What is the difference between a homozygous recessive genotype and a homozygous dominant genotype?

• A. Both have the same phenotype, but different genotypes.
• B. Both have the same genotype, but different phenotypes.
• C. Homozygous recessive has two dominant alleles, while homozygous dominant has two recessive alleles.
• D. Homozygous recessive has two identical recessive alleles, while homozygous dominant has two identical dominant alleles.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: - Homozygous recessive genotype refers to an individual having two identical recessive alleles for a particular gene (e.g., rr for a trait where r represents the recessive allele). - Homozygous dominant genotype refers to an individual having two identical dominant alleles for a particular gene (e.g., RR for a trait where R represents the dominant allele). - The difference between the two genotypes lies in the specific alleles present in each case, with homozygous recessive having two recessive alleles and homozygous dominant having two dominant alleles. - This genetic difference results in different phenotypes being expressed, as the dominant allele typically masks the expression of the recessive allele in heterozygous individuals.

4. Which property of matter remains constant regardless of changes in gravity?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Volume
• D. Density

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in gravity. Weight, on the other hand, is the force of gravity acting on an object and can vary depending on the strength of gravity. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies, and density is the mass per unit volume of a substance, both of which can change with changes in gravity. Therefore, mass is the property that remains the same regardless of variations in gravitational force. Choice B, Weight, changes with gravity as it is a force dependent on gravity. Choices C and D, Volume and Density, can be affected by changes in gravity as they are related to the space an object occupies and the mass per unit volume, respectively.

5. How do organisms maintain homeostasis?

• A. By increasing their body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance.
• B. By undergoing biochemical processes and absorbing energy to increase entropy.
• C. By undergoing biochemical processes to maintain the order of their external environment.
• D. By using free energy and matter via biochemical processes to work against entropy.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Organisms maintain homeostasis by utilizing free energy and matter through biochemical processes to counteract entropy, which helps in preserving internal stability. This process involves maintaining a balance within the organism's internal environment despite external changes, ensuring proper functioning and survival. Choice A is incorrect because increasing body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance alone do not define the comprehensive process of maintaining homeostasis. Choice B is incorrect as absorbing energy to increase entropy goes against the concept of maintaining internal stability. Choice C is incorrect as maintaining the order of the external environment does not directly contribute to the organism's internal stability and balance.

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