what is the function of ribosomes

ATI TEAS 7

ATI TEAS 7 science review

1. What is the function of ribosomes?

A. Packaging and transporting proteins
B. Storing genetic material
C. Controlling cell division
D. Synthesizing proteins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Synthesizing proteins. Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) and utilize the information to assemble amino acids into proteins through a process known as translation. Choice A, packaging and transporting proteins, is incorrect as this function is typically performed by the Golgi apparatus and vesicles. Choice B, storing genetic material, is incorrect as genetic material is usually stored in the nucleus in the form of DNA. Choice C, controlling cell division, is incorrect as this function is primarily regulated by the cell cycle checkpoints and specific proteins involved in cell cycle regulation.

2. What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions ($[H^+]$) in a solution as the pH increases?

A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remains constant
D. Becomes neutral

Correct answer: B

Rationale: As the pH increases, the concentration of hydrogen ions decreases. The relationship is inversely proportional

3. Which of the following are the products of anaerobic respiration in humans?

A. Ethyl alcohol and CO2
B. Ethyl alcohol only
C. Lactic acid and CO2
D. Lactic acid only

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During anaerobic respiration in humans, lactic acid and CO2 are produced. Choice A, 'Ethyl alcohol and CO2,' is incorrect because ethyl alcohol is not a product of anaerobic respiration in humans. Choice B, 'Ethyl alcohol only,' is incorrect as ethyl alcohol is not a product of anaerobic respiration in humans. Choice D, 'Lactic acid only,' is incorrect because CO2 is also a product of anaerobic respiration in humans.

4. What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

A. To carry carbon dioxide to the lungs
B. To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body
C. To regulate blood pressure
D. To produce white blood cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hemoglobin in red blood cells functions to carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues in the body. It binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it to the body's cells, ensuring they have an adequate oxygen supply for metabolic processes. Choice A is incorrect because hemoglobin primarily carries oxygen, not carbon dioxide. Choice C is incorrect because hemoglobin's role is not related to blood pressure regulation. Choice D is incorrect because hemoglobin is not involved in the production of white blood cells.

5. Which valve allows blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle?

A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonic valve
C. Mitral valve
D. Aortic valve

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Tricuspid valve. This valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle in the heart. Its primary function is to facilitate the flow of blood from the right atrium into the right ventricle and to prevent the backflow of blood. The Pulmonic valve (choice B) is situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, not between the right atrium and ventricle, making it incorrect. The Mitral valve (choice C) is found between the left atrium and the left ventricle, not the right side, so it is incorrect. The Aortic valve (choice D) is positioned between the left ventricle and the aorta, not involved in the right atrium and ventricle connection, hence it is also incorrect.