Nursing Elites

1. A patient requires a 30% increase in the dosage of their medication. Their current dosage is 270 mg. What will their dosage be after the increase?

• A. 81 mg
• B. 270 mg
• C. 300 mg
• D. 351 mg

Correct answer: D

Rationale: To calculate a 30% increase from the current dosage of 270 mg, first find 30% of 270, which is 81 mg. Add this 81 mg increase to the original dosage of 270 mg to get the new dosage, which is 351 mg (270 mg + 81 mg = 351 mg). Therefore, the correct answer is 351 mg. Choice A (81 mg) is incorrect because this value represents only the calculated 30% increase, not the total dosage after the increase. Choice B (270 mg) is the original dosage and does not account for the 30% increase. Choice C (300 mg) is close to the correct answer but does not consider the precise 30% increase calculation, leading to an incorrect total dosage.

2. Where does most of the chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients occur?

• A. Mouth
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for both chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients in the digestive system. The lining of the small intestine is equipped with villi and microvilli, which significantly increase the surface area available for absorption. Enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver play crucial roles in further breaking down food into absorbable molecules that can pass through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. While the stomach assists in mechanical breakdown and initial protein digestion, it is not the main site of nutrient absorption. The large intestine, on the other hand, mainly absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food particles. The mouth aids in initial mechanical breakdown and some carbohydrate digestion, but the majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, making it the correct answer.

3. Which of the following stories' messages is significantly distorted through the use of an irrelevant detail?

• A. A soft profile about a local politician's part-time rock band that mentions his political differences with his bandmates
• B. A feature story of a local business owner running for political office in which she admits to having employed illegal laborers
• C. A profile of several local Jewish and Arab business leaders that mentions ongoing hostilities in the Middle East
• D. A news report about a local citizen protesting property tax rates that includes details about an immigration violation he committed twenty years previously

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. In the news report about a local citizen protesting property tax rates that includes details about an immigration violation he committed twenty years previously, the irrelevant detail about the immigration violation distracts from the main message of the protest against property tax rates. The inclusion of this detail shifts the focus away from the citizen's current concerns and the reasons for his protest, thus distorting the story's message. Choices A, B, and C do not include irrelevant details that significantly distort the main messages of the stories. Choice A mentions political differences with bandmates but still focuses on the politician's part-time rock band. Choice B discusses the employment of illegal laborers but remains centered on the business owner's political aspirations. Choice C talks about ongoing hostilities in the Middle East but does not veer away from the main focus on the local Jewish and Arab business leaders.

4. What is the correct order for the following sentence: 'yesterday she went to the store'?

• A. She went to the store yesterday.
• B. To the store she went yesterday.
• C. Yesterday to the store she went.
• D. She yesterday went to the store.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct order for the sentence 'yesterday she went to the store' is 'She went to the store yesterday.' In English, the standard word order for a sentence is subject-verb-object-adverbial (time). Choice A is the correct answer as it follows this standard order. Choice B changes the order of the subject and object. Choice C changes the order of the adverbial and subject. Choice D changes the order of the subject and adverbial. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.

5. How many centimeters are in 7 meters?

• A. 7 m = 7 cm
• B. 7 m = 70 cm
• C. 7 m = 700 cm
• D. 7 m = 7000 cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The prefix 'centi-' means one-hundredth. In the metric system, 1 meter is equal to 100 centimeters. Therefore, to convert meters to centimeters, you multiply the number of meters by 100. In this case, 7 meters is equal to 7 * 100 = 700 centimeters. Choice A is incorrect as it does not consider the conversion factor properly. Choice B is incorrect as it only accounts for a factor of 10 instead of 100. Choice D is incorrect as it overestimates the conversion by a factor of 10.

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