which of the following functions corresponds to the parasympathetic nervous system
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ATI TEAS 7

ATI TEAS Science Practice Test

1. Which of the following functions corresponds to the parasympathetic nervous system?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The parasympathetic nervous system is often referred to as the 'rest and digest' system because it promotes activities that occur when the body is at rest, such as digestion. This system helps stimulate digestion by increasing gastrointestinal motility, secretion of digestive enzymes, and blood flow to the digestive organs. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they are functions associated with the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response, increasing heart rate, and dilating bronchioles to facilitate more oxygen intake during stressful situations.

2. What is the common name for the organic compound CH₃OH?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The common name for the organic compound CH₃OH is methanol. Methane (A) has the chemical formula CH₄. Ethanol (B) corresponds to the formula C₂H₅OH. Butanol (D) is a compound with the formula C₄H₉OH. The correct answer is C - Methanol, which is the common name for CH₃OH, while the other options correspond to different organic compounds with distinct formulas. Therefore, methanol is the correct choice when identifying the common name for the compound CH₃OH.

3. What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, where the individual's immune system produces antibodies in response to exposure to a pathogen or vaccine. This type of immunity is long-lasting because the immune system 'remembers' the pathogen and can mount a rapid response upon re-exposure. In contrast, passive immunity provides immediate protection through the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from another source, such as through maternal antibodies crossing the placenta or receiving antibodies through an injection. Passive immunity is short-lived because the transferred antibodies eventually degrade and are not produced by the recipient's immune system. Choice A is incorrect because active immunity is generally long-lasting, as it involves the production of antibodies by the individual's immune system. Choice C is incorrect as both active and passive immunity can work against various pathogens, not limited to bacteria or viruses. Choice D is incorrect as passive immunity does not require repeated vaccinations but provides temporary protection through the transfer of antibodies from an external source.

4. What energy transformation occurs when a guitar string vibrates to produce sound?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. When a guitar string vibrates to produce sound, the energy transformation that occurs is from potential energy (stored energy in the string when it is stretched) to kinetic energy (energy of motion as the string vibrates back and forth). As the string vibrates, its kinetic energy is transferred to the surrounding air molecules, producing sound energy. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A, mechanical energy to thermal energy, does not align with the energy transformation involved in producing sound from a vibrating guitar string. Choice B, kinetic energy to potential energy, is the opposite of what happens when a guitar string vibrates. Choice C, electrical energy to sound energy, is not relevant to the energy conversion process in this scenario.

5. Which of the following characteristics is part of a person's genotype?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. A genotype refers to a person's genetic makeup, which includes specific genes like the CFTR gene responsible for cystic fibrosis. Genes are the units of heredity and are part of an individual's genotype, influencing various traits and characteristics. Choice A, brown eyes that appear hazel in the sunlight, refers to a phenotype, which is the observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of genes and the environment. Choice C, black hair that grows rapidly, also describes a phenotype rather than a genotype. Choice D, being a fast runner, is a trait influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but it does not directly relate to a specific gene in the genotype.

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