Nursing Elites

1. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

• A. Vein
• B. Artery
• C. Capillary
• D. Venule

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Artery. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. Veins, on the other hand, carry blood back to the heart. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with tissues. Venules are small veins that collect blood from capillaries, not from the heart, making them incorrect in this context.

2. What is the term for the energy absorbed during a chemical reaction?

• A. Kinetic energy
• B. Potential energy
• C. Heat energy
• D. Endothermic energy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct term for the energy absorbed during a chemical reaction is 'Endothermic energy.' Endothermic reactions absorb energy from their surroundings, leading to a decrease in temperature. The prefix 'endo-' means 'inward' or 'within,' indicating that energy is taken in during the reaction. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because kinetic energy refers to the energy of motion, potential energy is stored energy, and heat energy is a form of energy transfer rather than specifically the energy absorbed during a chemical reaction.

3. What type of bond is present in salt?

• A. Ionic
• B. Nonpolar covalent
• C. Polar covalent
• D. Peptide

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Ionic.' Ionic bonds are formed in salts through the transfer of electrons between atoms, leading to the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. This results in a stable ionic compound, such as common table salt (sodium chloride). Nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, and peptide bonds are not typically found in salts. Nonpolar covalent bonds involve the equal sharing of electrons, polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, and peptide bonds are specific to proteins, not salts.

4. Which part of the brain is responsible for voluntary muscle movements?

• A. Medulla oblongata
• B. Cerebrum
• C. Hypothalamus
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The question inquires about the brain region responsible for voluntary muscle movements. The correct answer is the Cerebrum. The cerebrum is the main part of the brain involved in voluntary muscle control and motor coordination. The Medulla oblongata is primarily responsible for regulating vital functions like breathing and heart rate, not voluntary muscle movements. The Hypothalamus plays a role in regulating body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic processes. The Thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory information but is not directly responsible for voluntary muscle movements.

5. What is the name of the master gland that regulates the function of many other endocrine glands?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Hypothalamus
• D. Adrenal gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pituitary gland is commonly referred to as the master gland because it controls the functions of numerous other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes various hormones that are essential for regulating processes like growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. The thyroid gland (Choice A) primarily regulates metabolism and does not oversee other endocrine glands. The hypothalamus (Choice C) plays a role in regulating the pituitary gland but is not the master gland. The adrenal gland (Choice D) produces hormones related to stress response but is not considered the master gland that regulates other endocrine glands.

Similar Questions