Nursing Elites

1. The resolution of an optical instrument, like a microscope, refers to its ability to distinguish between:

• A. Different colors of light
• B. The presence or absence of light
• C. Variations in intensity
• D. Very close, nearly identical objects

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The resolution of an optical instrument, such as a microscope, refers to its ability to distinguish between very close, nearly identical objects. This is crucial in microscopy to clearly visualize and differentiate fine details and structures. Resolving power plays a significant role in determining the quality and effectiveness of an optical instrument. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the resolution of an optical instrument does not primarily deal with different colors of light, presence or absence of light, or variations in intensity. Instead, it specifically focuses on the instrument's ability to differentiate between objects that are very close and nearly identical in nature.

2. A child complains of heavy breathing even when relaxing. They are an otherwise healthy child with no history of respiratory problems. What might be the issue?

• A. Asthma
• B. Blood clot
• C. Hyperventilation
• D. Exercising too hard

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, where a child complains of heavy breathing even when relaxing and has no history of respiratory problems, the most likely issue is hyperventilation. Hyperventilation is an abnormal breathing pattern where a person breathes in excess of the body's requirements. It can be triggered by stress, anxiety, panic attacks, or lower-than-normal carbon dioxide levels in the blood. Unlike asthma, a blood clot, or exercising too hard, hyperventilation fits the symptoms described and is more common in individuals without a history of respiratory problems.

3. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

• A. Vein
• B. Artery
• C. Capillary
• D. Venule

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Artery. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. Veins, on the other hand, carry blood back to the heart. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with tissues. Venules are small veins that collect blood from capillaries, not from the heart, making them incorrect in this context.

4. Histamine, released during an allergic reaction, causes symptoms like:

• A. Fever and fatigue
• B. Runny nose and itchiness
• C. Muscle aches and joint pain
• D. Cough and shortness of breath

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Histamine is a chemical released by the immune system during an allergic reaction. It is responsible for causing symptoms such as a runny nose, itchiness, sneezing, and watery eyes. These symptoms are commonly seen in allergies like hay fever. Fever and fatigue (option A) are not typically caused by histamine release during an allergic reaction. Muscle aches and joint pain (option C) are not common symptoms of histamine release in allergic reactions. Cough and shortness of breath (option D) are more commonly associated with asthma or respiratory allergies rather than histamine release.

5. What is the name for the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells?

• A. Meiosis
• B. Mitosis
• C. Fission
• D. Binary fission

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mitosis is the correct process by which a cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division resulting in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Fission refers to the division of a single-celled organism into two separate organisms, while binary fission specifically describes the division of prokaryotic cells. Therefore, the correct answer is Mitosis as it accurately represents the process of a cell dividing into two daughter cells.

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