Nursing Elites

1. An element with atomic number 26 and mass number 56 is most likely to be:

• A. Iron (Fe)
• B. Cobalt (Co)
• C. Nickel (Ni)
• D. Manganese (Mn)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The element with atomic number 26 and mass number 56 corresponds to Iron (Fe). Iron has 26 protons, which aligns with the given atomic number, and Fe-56 has 26 neutrons, which aligns with the given mass number. This confirms that Iron (Fe) is the correct answer. Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), and Manganese (Mn) have different atomic numbers and mass numbers, so they are not the correct choices in this scenario.

2. What is the recommended daily fiber intake for adults?

• A. 10 grams
• B. 25 grams
• C. 35 grams
• D. 50 grams

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recommended daily fiber intake for adults is around 25 grams for women and 38 grams for men. Fiber is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system, preventing constipation, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. Consuming an adequate amount of fiber can also help with weight management and promote overall well-being. Option B is the correct answer based on the recommended daily intake guidelines for adults. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the established guidelines for fiber intake in adults. 10 grams (choice A) is too low, 35 grams (choice C) is higher than the general recommendation, and 50 grams (choice D) is significantly above the recommended intake, which may lead to digestive issues in some individuals.

3. What property of a wave determines the loudness of sound when heard by the human ear?

• A. Frequency
• B. Amplitude
• C. Wavelength
• D. Velocity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The amplitude of a wave determines the loudness of sound when heard by the human ear. The greater the amplitude of a sound wave, the louder the sound will be perceived. Frequency (Choice A) refers to the number of wave cycles in a given time period. Wavelength (Choice C) is the distance between two corresponding points on a wave. Velocity (Choice D) is the speed at which the wave travels and does not directly affect the loudness of sound perceived by the human ear.

4. What is the outermost protective layer of the kidney?

• A. Renal cortex
• B. Renal medulla
• C. Renal capsule
• D. Renal pelvis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Renal capsule. The renal capsule is the outermost protective layer of the kidney. It is a tough fibrous layer that surrounds the kidney and helps protect it from injury and maintain its shape. Choice A, Renal cortex, is the outer region of the kidney where filtration occurs. Choice B, Renal medulla, is the inner region of the kidney where urine is formed. Choice D, Renal pelvis, is the funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the kidney and funnels it into the ureter. Therefore, the renal capsule is specifically designated as the outermost protective layer of the kidney.

5. Which of the following is an example of a nonpolar solvent?

• A. Water
• B. Ethanol
• C. Acetone
• D. Hydrochloric acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - Water (option A) is a polar solvent due to its uneven distribution of charge, with the oxygen atom being partially negative and the hydrogen atoms being partially positive. - Ethanol (option B) is a nonpolar solvent because it has a symmetrical molecular structure that does not result in significant charge separation. - Acetone (option C) is a polar solvent as it contains a carbonyl group that results in a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. - Hydrochloric acid (option D) is a polar solvent due to the presence of the highly electronegative chlorine atom, which results in a partial negative charge.

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