Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is another name for a sweat gland?

• A. Ceruminous
• B. Sebaceous
• C. Sudoriferous
• D. Integumentary

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sudoriferous. Sudoriferous glands are commonly known as sweat glands and are responsible for producing perspiration to regulate body temperature. Ceruminous glands produce earwax, sebaceous glands produce sebum (oil), and 'Integumentary' refers to the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails. Choice A, Ceruminous glands, are responsible for producing earwax, not sweat. Choice B, Sebaceous glands, produce sebum (oil) to lubricate the skin and hair. Choice D, Integumentary, refers to the integumentary system, not a specific type of gland.

2. What property of a wave determines the loudness of sound when heard by the human ear?

• A. Frequency
• B. Amplitude
• C. Wavelength
• D. Velocity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The amplitude of a wave determines the loudness of sound when heard by the human ear. The greater the amplitude of a sound wave, the louder the sound will be perceived. Frequency (Choice A) refers to the number of wave cycles in a given time period. Wavelength (Choice C) is the distance between two corresponding points on a wave. Velocity (Choice D) is the speed at which the wave travels and does not directly affect the loudness of sound perceived by the human ear.

3. Which force opposes the relative motion between surfaces in contact?

• A. Tension force
• B. Frictional force
• C. Gravitational force
• D. Magnetic force

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Frictional force. Frictional force opposes the relative motion between surfaces in contact. When two surfaces are in contact and one tries to slide over the other, the frictional force resists this motion, making it harder for the surfaces to move relative to each other. Choice A, tension force, is incorrect because tension force is a force transmitted through a string, rope, cable, or wire when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends. Choice C, gravitational force, is incorrect as it is the force of attraction between two masses. Choice D, magnetic force, is incorrect as it is the force exerted between magnetic objects.

4. Which muscle causes a joint to bend?

• A. Cardiac
• B. Extension
• C. Flexor
• D. Smooth

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Flexor. A flexor muscle contracts to bend a joint, such as bending the elbow or knee. Flexor muscles are responsible for flexing or bending a joint, while extensor muscles are responsible for extending or straightening a joint. Choice A, Cardiac, is incorrect as cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood. Choice B, Extension, is incorrect as extension refers to the straightening or extending movement of a joint, which is opposite to bending. Choice D, Smooth, is incorrect as smooth muscles are involuntary muscles found in organs like the intestines and blood vessels, not directly responsible for bending joints.

5. The critical angle is defined as the minimum angle of incidence in a denser medium for which light undergoes:

• A. Total internal reflection
• B. Continued refraction
• C. Specular reflection
• D. Increased dispersion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The critical angle is the minimum angle of incidence in a denser medium at which light undergoes total internal reflection instead of refraction. This phenomenon occurs when light travels from a denser medium to a less dense medium, and the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. Total internal reflection is a crucial concept in optics and is utilized in various applications such as fiber optics and prisms. Choice B, 'Continued refraction,' is incorrect as the critical angle specifically marks the point at which total internal reflection occurs, not continued refraction. Choice C, 'Specular reflection,' does not accurately describe the phenomenon associated with the critical angle. Choice D, 'Increased dispersion,' is unrelated to the concept of the critical angle and does not describe the behavior of light at this specific point.

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