Nursing Elites

1. Which type of blood cell is involved in clotting?

• A. Red blood cells
• B. White blood cells
• C. Platelets
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting and wound healing. They are responsible for forming blood clots to stop bleeding when a blood vessel is injured, making them the correct choice in this context. Red blood cells (Choice A) are primarily involved in oxygen transport, white blood cells (Choice B) are part of the immune system, and plasma (Choice D) is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances.

2. Which enzyme functions to break down lactose, a specific sugar found in milk and dairy products?

• A. Catalase
• B. Lipase
• C. Protease
• D. Lactase

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Lactase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose, a sugar present in milk and dairy products. When lactase breaks down lactose, it splits it into two simpler sugars, glucose, and galactose, which can then be absorbed and used by the body. Catalase is involved in breaking down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect for the specific breakdown of lactose.

3. Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating metabolism?

• A. Insulin
• B. Thyroxine
• C. Glucagon
• D. Cortisol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, is the hormone responsible for regulating metabolism. It plays a fundamental role in controlling the body's metabolic rate, affecting processes such as energy production and utilization. Thyroxine also influences growth and development in the body. Choice A, Insulin, is involved in regulating blood sugar levels and promoting the storage of glucose. While insulin has an impact on metabolism, it is not primarily responsible for regulating overall metabolic rate. Choice C, Glucagon, acts in opposition to insulin, stimulating the release of glucose from the liver to increase blood sugar levels. Glucagon primarily targets glucose regulation rather than overall metabolism. Choice D, Cortisol, is known as the stress hormone and plays a role in the body's response to stress, regulation of blood pressure, immune function, and anti-inflammatory actions. While cortisol can have some effects on metabolism during stress responses, it is not the primary hormone responsible for regulating overall metabolic rate.

4. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating emotions and memory?

• A. Cerebrum
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Amygdala
• D. Brainstem

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The amygdala, located in the temporal lobe of the brain, is responsible for regulating emotions and memory, particularly those related to fear and pleasure. It plays a crucial role in processing emotional responses, forming emotional memories, and modulating emotional reactions. The cerebrum (Choice A) is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought and action. The cerebellum (Choice B) is mainly involved in coordination and balance. The brainstem (Choice D) controls basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate.

5. Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

• A. Femur
• B. Hyoid
• C. Radius
• D. Tibia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Hyoid bone. The hyoid bone is distinctive as it does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. Instead, it is held in place by muscles and ligaments, playing a crucial role in supporting the tongue and providing attachment points for various muscles involved in swallowing and speech. The other choices, Femur, Radius, and Tibia, all articulate with other bones in the body. The femur articulates with the hip bone, the radius articulates with the ulna and other bones in the wrist, and the tibia articulates with the femur and fibula.

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