Nursing Elites

1. Which type of blood cell is primarily responsible for fighting infections?

• A. Red blood cells
• B. White blood cells
• C. Platelets
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, play a crucial role in the immune system by primarily combating infections. These cells can identify and destroy pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, helping the body defend against illnesses and maintain overall health. Red blood cells are responsible for oxygen transport, platelets aid in blood clotting, and plasma carries various components throughout the circulatory system, but none of these functions involve fighting infections like white blood cells do.

2. Where would you be likely to find a Schwann cell?

• A. In the digestive system
• B. In the nervous system
• C. In the skeletal system
• D. In the muscular system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Schwann cells are a type of neuroglia found in the peripheral nervous system. They are responsible for producing the myelin sheath around axons of neurons, which helps with the conduction of nerve impulses. Therefore, Schwann cells are typically found in the nervous system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Schwann cells are specifically associated with the nervous system and are not found in the digestive, skeletal, or muscular systems.

3. What is the function of the liver in the body?

• A. To filter blood
• B. To produce bile and detoxify substances
• C. To produce insulin
• D. To produce red blood cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To produce bile and detoxify substances.' The liver's primary functions include producing bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats, and detoxifying harmful substances in the blood. While the liver does play a role in blood filtration, its key functions are related to bile production and detoxification. Choices C and D are incorrect because the liver does not produce insulin (produced by the pancreas) or red blood cells (produced in the bone marrow).

4. How many different types of tissues are there in the human body?

• A. four
• B. six
• C. eight
• D. ten

Correct answer: A

Rationale: There are four major types of tissues in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues. Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, connective tissue supports and binds other tissues together, muscle tissue enables movement, and nervous tissue allows for communication between different parts of the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the human body has four main types of tissues, not six, eight, or ten.

5. What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

• A. Removing carbon dioxide from the blood
• B. Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
• C. Transporting oxygen to the bloodstream
• D. Filtering blood

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the alveoli in the lungs is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for this gas exchange during breathing. Oxygen diffuses from the inhaled air into the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled out of the body. Choice A is incorrect because the alveoli primarily facilitate the exchange of gases, not just the removal of carbon dioxide. Choice C is incorrect as the alveoli do not transport oxygen to the bloodstream but rather facilitate the exchange of gases. Choice D is incorrect as the alveoli are not involved in filtering blood but in gas exchange to ensure proper oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide in the respiratory process.

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