Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?

• A. To absorb nutrients
• B. To break down food
• C. To produce bile
• D. To store waste

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To break down food.' The stomach plays a crucial role in the digestive system by breaking down food using gastric acid and digestive enzymes. This process transforms the food into a semi-liquid mixture known as chyme, which is further digested in the small intestine. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the stomach does not primarily absorb nutrients, produce bile, or store waste. These functions are carried out by other organs in the digestive system such as the small intestine, liver, and large intestine, respectively.

2. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin K
• D. Vitamin C

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin D is crucial for the absorption of calcium in the intestines. It aids in maintaining optimal calcium levels in the body, promoting strong bones and teeth. Without sufficient Vitamin D, the absorption of calcium can be compromised, leading to potential issues with bone health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Vitamin A is essential for vision, skin health, and immune function. Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting and bone metabolism. Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis, wound healing, and immune function, but it is not directly involved in calcium absorption.

3. Which of the following is not part of the axial skeletal system?

• A. the skull
• B. the ribs
• C. the breastbone
• D. the radius

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the radius. The axial skeleton comprises bones located along the central axis of the body. It includes the skull, ribs, breastbone (sternum), vertebrae, and sacrum. The radius, on the other hand, is a bone of the forearm, part of the appendicular skeleton. The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs and their girdles, not the central axial bones.

4. What is the function of the skin in protecting the body?

• A. To produce vitamin D
• B. To protect against pathogens
• C. To store nutrients
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The skin serves several crucial functions in protecting the body. One of its primary roles is to act as a physical barrier against pathogens, preventing harmful microorganisms from entering the body. Choice A, 'To produce vitamin D,' is incorrect because while the skin is involved in vitamin D synthesis upon exposure to sunlight, its primary protective role is against pathogens. Choice C, 'To store nutrients,' is incorrect as the skin is not a primary organ for nutrient storage. Choice D, 'To regulate body temperature,' is a function of the skin, but the primary role in protecting the body is to act as a barrier against pathogens.

5. Beriberi is a disease caused by a lack of ___________.

• A. thiamine
• B. vitamin C
• C. niacin
• D. protein

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Beriberi is a disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine, also known as vitamin B1. Thiamine is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and energy metabolism in the body. Without enough thiamine, individuals may develop symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, nerve damage, and heart problems, which are characteristic of beriberi. Vitamin C (choice B), niacin (choice C), and protein (choice D) deficiencies can cause other health issues but are not directly related to beriberi.

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