Nursing Elites

1. Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing nutrients?

• A. Esophagus
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The small intestine is the correct answer because it is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It contains specialized structures such as villi and microvilli that maximize the absorption of nutrients from digested food. The esophagus is responsible for transporting food from the mouth to the stomach; the stomach primarily aids in digestion by secreting enzymes and acids; and the large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter. Therefore, the small intestine plays a crucial role in absorbing essential nutrients for the body's functions, making it the correct choice in this context.

2. A collection of organs working together to perform a specific physiological function is known as a(n):

• A. Tissue
• B. Organ system
• C. Organelle
• D. Organ

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform specific functions in the body. Each organ within the system has a unique role, but they collaborate to achieve a common physiological function. This collaboration allows the body to carry out complex processes efficiently, demonstrating the interconnectedness and interdependence of different organs within the system. Choice A, 'Tissue,' refers to a group of cells that work together to perform a specific function, not a collection of organs. Choice C, 'Organelle,' is a subunit within a cell that has a specific function and is not a collection of organs. Choice D, 'Organ,' is a single structure composed of different tissues that performs a specific function, not a collection of organs working together.

3. What is the name of the strong acid produced by the stomach to help break down food?

• A. Hydrochloric acid
• B. Lactic acid
• C. Bile
• D. Fatty acid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, hydrochloric acid. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to aid in the digestion process by breaking down food, particularly proteins. This acid is crucial for the proper absorption of nutrients in the stomach. Lactic acid is produced in muscles during intense exercise, not in the stomach. Bile is produced by the liver to assist in digestion, primarily in the small intestine, not in the stomach. Fatty acids are molecules found in fats with different functions in the body, but they are not the primary acid produced by the stomach for digestion.

4. Which of the following describes how atomic radius varies across the periodic table?

• A. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom and left to right on the periodic table.
• B. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom and right to left on the periodic table.
• C. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom and toward the halogens on the periodic table.
• D. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom and toward the noble gases on the periodic table.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Atomic radius tends to increase from top to bottom and left to right on the periodic table. This is because as you move down a group (top to bottom), new energy levels are added, increasing the distance of the outer electrons from the nucleus and thus increasing the size of the atom. On the other hand, as you move from left to right across a period, the number of protons and electrons increases, leading to a stronger nuclear charge that attracts the electrons closer to the nucleus, resulting in smaller atomic radii. Choice B is incorrect as atomic radius does not increase from right to left. Choices C and D are incorrect as they incorrectly associate the trend with specific groups of elements (halogens and noble gases) rather than the general trend observed on the periodic table.

5. What determines the frequency of oscillations in a spring-mass system when the spring is stretched and released?

• A. The mass of the object
• B. The stiffness of the spring
• C. The initial displacement of the object
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The frequency of oscillations in a spring-mass system is determined by the stiffness of the spring (spring constant) and the mass of the object. The stiffness of the spring affects how quickly the system oscillates back and forth, while the mass of the object influences the inertia and therefore the frequency. The initial displacement of the object does not impact the frequency of oscillations. Choice A is incorrect because while the mass of the object affects the frequency, it is not the sole determining factor. Choice C is incorrect as the initial displacement affects the amplitude of oscillations, not the frequency. Choice D is incorrect as not all factors listed determine the frequency, making it an incorrect choice.

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