what hormones are produced in the ovaries and what do they do

ATI TEAS 7

ATI TEAS Science Practice Test

1. What hormones are produced in the ovaries, and what are their functions?

A. Insulin: regulates blood sugar levels
B. Progesterone: stimulates uterine lining growth
C. Adrenaline: increases heart rate
D. Cortisol: regulates stress response

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Progesterone, produced in the ovaries, stimulates uterine lining growth and plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle. Insulin is produced in the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, not in the ovaries. Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands and increases heart rate in response to stress or danger, not in the ovaries. Cortisol, also produced by the adrenal glands, helps regulate the body's response to stress, not in the ovaries.

2. If a scientist finds that the results of her experiment seem to contradict her hypothesis, what is the best course of action?

A. Publish the results anyway, acknowledging that her hypothesis seems to have been incorrect.
B. Keep trying the experiment until the results match her hypothesis.
C. Publish the results, retroactively changing the hypothesis.
D. None of the above; this cannot occur. The experimental results cannot contradict the hypothesis, by definition.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The best course of action is to publish the results anyway, acknowledging that her hypothesis seems to have been incorrect. Science relies on accurate reporting and transparency, even if the results do not align with the original hypothesis. This allows for further discussion, analysis, and potentially new hypotheses to be developed based on the findings. It is essential in scientific research to report both positive and negative results to contribute to the body of knowledge and advance understanding in the field. Choice B is incorrect because persisting with the same experiment to force results to align with the hypothesis goes against scientific integrity and may lead to biased conclusions. Choice C is incorrect as changing the hypothesis after obtaining results is not scientifically sound and undermines the credibility of the research. Choice D is incorrect because science embraces the possibility of experimental results contradicting hypotheses, as this provides valuable insights for refining theories and expanding scientific knowledge.

3. Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland to regulate metabolism?

A. Adrenaline
B. Thyroxine
C. Cortisol
D. Insulin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Thyroxine, also known as T4, is the hormone produced by the thyroid gland to regulate metabolism. It is essential for controlling the body's metabolic rate, heart and digestive function, muscle control, brain development, and bone maintenance. Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands, not the thyroid gland. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex, not the thyroid gland. Insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the thyroid gland. Therefore, the correct answer is Thyroxine (B).

4. Where does visual processing begin in the eye?

A. Cornea
B. Optic nerve
C. Retina
D. Eyelid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Visual processing begins in the retina, not the cornea, optic nerve, or eyelid. The retina is a layer of tissue at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells responsible for converting light into neural signals that are then sent to the brain for processing. The cornea is the transparent outer layer of the eye that helps focus light, but it does not process visual information. The optic nerve transmits visual information from the retina to the brain, it does not initiate visual processing. The eyelid is a protective covering for the eye and is not involved in visual processing.

5. When calcium chloride (CaCl2) dissolves in water, it separates into its ions (Ca2+ and Cl-). This is an example of:

A. Chemical change
B. Physical change
C. Precipitation
D. Neutralization

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When calcium chloride dissolves in water, it separates into its ions without forming a new substance, which is characteristic of a physical change. A physical change involves alterations in the substance's physical properties without changing its chemical composition. In this scenario, the chemical formula of calcium chloride remains unchanged, and only its physical state changes by creating ions in the solution. Therefore, the dissolution of calcium chloride in water is an example of a physical change. Choice A, 'Chemical change,' is incorrect because no new substances are formed during the dissolution process. Choice C, 'Precipitation,' is incorrect as precipitation involves the formation of an insoluble solid when two solutions react. Choice D, 'Neutralization,' is incorrect as it refers to a reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water, which is not the case in the given scenario.