Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following types of muscle tissue is found attached to bones and allows for voluntary movement?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Connective tissue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and allows for voluntary movement, such as walking, running, and lifting objects. Smooth muscle, found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, is responsible for involuntary movements. Cardiac muscle is specific to the heart and controls involuntary contraction. Connective tissue, on the other hand, provides support and connects different structures in the body, but it is not responsible for voluntary movement like skeletal muscle.

2. Ectopic pregnancy is a serious condition that occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus. What is the most common location for an ectopic pregnancy?

• A. Ovary
• B. Fallopian tube
• C. Cervix
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most common location for an ectopic pregnancy is the fallopian tube. This occurs when the fertilized egg implants and grows outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. Ectopic pregnancies in other locations such as the ovary, cervix, or vagina are much rarer. The fallopian tube is the correct answer because it is the site where the fertilized egg may get stuck during its journey to the uterus, leading to implantation and growth outside the uterus. The ovary is not a common site for ectopic pregnancy, and implantation there can be life-threatening due to the risk of severe bleeding. The cervix and vagina are not typical sites for implantation of a fertilized egg, making them less likely locations for an ectopic pregnancy.

3. Most catalysts found in biological systems are which of the following?

• A. Special lipids called cofactors.
• B. Special proteins called enzymes.
• C. Special lipids called enzymes.
• D. Special proteins called cofactors.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes are special proteins that act as catalysts in biological systems. They accelerate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes play a critical role in the regulation of metabolic pathways and are essential for various biological processes. While some enzymes may require cofactors for activity, the enzymes themselves are the catalysts in biological systems. Therefore, choice B, special proteins called enzymes, is the most suitable answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because enzymes, not lipids, are the primary catalysts in biological systems.

4. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

• A. Dissolving sugar in water
• B. Boiling water
• C. Rusting iron
• D. Crushing ice

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rusting iron is an example of a chemical change because it involves a chemical reaction where iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of water to form iron oxide (rust). This reaction results in a change in the chemical composition of the iron, unlike dissolving sugar in water, boiling water, or crushing ice, which are physical changes. Dissolving sugar in water is a physical change as sugar molecules remain unchanged but disperse in water. Boiling water is also a physical change as water changes its state from liquid to gas due to heat. Crushing ice is a physical change as the solid ice changes its physical form without altering its chemical composition.

5. What are the fluid-filled sacs that cushion the brain within the skull called?

• A. Meninges
• B. Cerebrospinal fluid
• C. Dura mater
• D. Arachnoid mater

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebrospinal fluid acts as a shock absorber, protecting the brain from impact and providing nutrients to brain cells. Meninges are the three protective layers of tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord. Dura mater and arachnoid mater are specific layers of the meninges, not the fluid-filled sacs that cushion the brain.

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