Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following types of muscle tissue is found attached to bones and allows for voluntary movement?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Connective tissue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and allows for voluntary movement, such as walking, running, and lifting objects. Smooth muscle, found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, is responsible for involuntary movements. Cardiac muscle is specific to the heart and controls involuntary contraction. Connective tissue, on the other hand, provides support and connects different structures in the body, but it is not responsible for voluntary movement like skeletal muscle.

2. The term that refers to the specific role and position an organism occupies within an ecosystem is called a:

• A. Habitat
• B. Niche
• C. Population
• D. Biome

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A) Habitat refers to the specific physical environment where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors present. While the habitat is important for an organism's survival, it does not encompass the specific role and interactions of the organism within the ecosystem. B) Niche refers to the specific role and position an organism occupies within an ecosystem, including its interactions with other organisms and its physical environment. This includes the organism's feeding habits, behavior, preferred habitat, and how it obtains resources. The niche of an organism is crucial in determining its impact on the ecosystem and its relationships with other species. C) Population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area and interacting with each other. While populations play a role in ecosystems, they do not specifically describe the role and position of an individual organism within the ecosystem. D) Biome refers to a large geographical area characterized by its climate, fauna, and flora. It is a broader concept than niche, habitat, or population, focusing on the overall characteristics of the environment rather than the specific role of an individual organism.

3. The small intestine is where most of the chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur. What is the finger-like projection in the small intestine that increases its surface area for absorption?

• A. Rugae
• B. Villi
• C. Microvilli
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Microvilli are the finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase its surface area for absorption. Villi are also present in the small intestine and help increase the surface area for absorption. However, microvilli are smaller structures found on the surface of villi, further increasing the surface area available for nutrient absorption. Rugae are folds in the stomach that allow for expansion when food is consumed and are not found in the small intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Microvilli. Villi and microvilli are specific to the small intestine, playing vital roles in nutrient absorption, while rugae are specific to the stomach's structure and function, serving a different purpose than increasing surface area for absorption.

4. What is the muscular tube that transports sperm from the testes to the urethra called?

• A. Epididymis
• B. Vas deferens
• C. Seminal vesicle
• D. Cowper's gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the vas deferens. It is the muscular tube responsible for carrying sperm from the testes to the urethra. After sperm is produced in the testes, it moves to the epididymis for maturation and storage. The seminal vesicle contributes fluid to semen, but it is not the tube that transports sperm. Cowper's gland also adds fluid to semen but is not involved in transporting sperm. Therefore, the vas deferens is the accurate choice for the muscular tube that transports sperm.

5. Which of the following neurotransmitters slows down the activity of neurons to prevent overexcitation?

• A. Acetylcholine
• B. Dopamine
• C. GABA
• D. Serotonin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that slows down neuronal activity, helping to prevent overexcitation in the brain. It counterbalances the effects of excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate, playing a crucial role in maintaining the balance of neuronal activity in the brain. Acetylcholine (Choice A) is primarily an excitatory neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement and cognitive functions. Dopamine (Choice B) plays a role in reward-motivated behavior and motor control. Serotonin (Choice D) is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep but is not primarily responsible for slowing down neuronal activity to prevent overexcitation.

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