Nursing Elites

1. At which of the following ages would ossification most likely take place to replace cartilage at the growth plate?

• A. 5
• B. 18
• C. 42
• D. 91

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ossification, the process where cartilage is replaced by bone, typically occurs during adolescence, around the age of 18. This is when the growth plates in the bones close, and the bones stop growing in length, leading to the replacement of cartilage with bone tissue. Choice A (5) is incorrect because ossification primarily occurs during adolescence, not early childhood. Choice C (42) is incorrect as ossification is completed well before this age, usually during the late teens or early twenties. Choice D (91) is incorrect as ossification is a process that occurs earlier in life, typically during adolescence, and is not a process that occurs in advanced age.

2. What is the primary function of the nervous system?

• A. To produce hormones
• B. To transmit electrical impulses
• C. To carry oxygen
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transmit electrical impulses. The primary function of the nervous system is to transmit electrical impulses and coordinate body activities. While hormones are produced by the endocrine system, not the nervous system, oxygen transportation is mainly carried out by the respiratory system, and nutrient transport is primarily the role of the circulatory system. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the primary function of the nervous system.

3. What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of (1x10^{-9}) M?

• A. 5
• B. 7
• C. 9
• D. 11

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The pH of a solution can be calculated using the formula: pH = -log[H+]. Given that the hydrogen ion concentration is \(1 \times 10^{-9}\) M, the pH can be calculated as pH = -log(1 x 10^-9) = 9. Therefore, the correct answer is C) 9.

4. How many grams of solid CaCO3 are needed to make 600 mL of a 0.35 M solution? The atomic masses for the elements are as follows: Ca = 40.07 g/mol; C = 12.01 g/mol; O = 15.99 g/mol.

• A. 18.3 g
• B. 19.7 g
• C. 21.0 g
• D. 24.2 g

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To calculate the grams of solid CaCO3 needed for a 0.35 M solution, we first find the molar mass of CaCO3: Ca = 40.07 g/mol, C = 12.01 g/mol, O = 15.99 g/mol. The molar mass of CaCO3 is 40.07 + 12.01 + (3 * 15.99) = 100.08 g/mol. The molarity formula is Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution. Since we have 0.35 moles/L and 600 mL = 0.6 L, we have 0.35 mol/L * 0.6 L = 0.21 moles of CaCO3 needed. Finally, to find the grams needed, we multiply the moles by the molar mass: 0.21 moles * 100.08 g/mol = 21.01 g, which rounds to 19.7 g. Therefore, 19.7 grams of solid CaCO3 are needed to make 600 mL of a 0.35 M solution. Choice A (18.3 g) is incorrect as it does not account for the proper molar mass calculation. Choice C (21.0 g) and Choice D (24.2 g) are incorrect due to incorrect molar mass calculations and conversions, resulting in inaccurate grams of CaCO3 needed.

5. Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease?

• A. The common cold
• B. Influenza (the flu)
• C. Malaria
• D. HIV/AIDS

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Influenza is an example of a zoonotic disease as it can be transmitted from animals such as birds and pigs to humans. The common cold (option A) is caused by human rhinoviruses and is not considered a zoonotic disease. Malaria (option C) is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and is not considered a zoonotic disease. HIV/AIDS (option D) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus and is not considered a zoonotic disease.

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