Nursing Elites

1. What is the principle behind the phenomenon of refraction, where waves bend when entering a new medium?

• A. Change in wavelength
• B. Change in frequency
• C. Change in wave speed
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Refraction occurs due to a change in wave speed when waves enter a new medium. As waves travel from one medium to another, their speed changes, causing them to bend. This change in speed is responsible for the bending of waves during refraction. It is not the change in wavelength or frequency that causes refraction, but rather the change in speed as waves move through different mediums. Therefore, the correct answer is the change in wave speed (Choice C). Choices A and B are incorrect as refraction is not primarily influenced by changes in wavelength or frequency, but by changes in wave speed. Choice D is also incorrect as there is a specific principle, which is the change in wave speed, behind the phenomenon of refraction.

2. Which of the following nucleic acids carries the genetic information copied from DNA to the ribosomes?

• A. DNA
• B. mRNA
• C. rRNA
• D. tRNA

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: mRNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is responsible for carrying the genetic information copied from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. mRNA serves as a temporary copy of the genetic instructions stored in DNA and acts as a messenger between the nucleus and ribosomes in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. While rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and tRNA (transfer RNA) play essential roles in the process of translation at the ribosomes, mRNA is the nucleic acid directly involved in carrying the genetic code for protein synthesis. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as DNA is the original genetic material, rRNA is a component of the ribosomes, and tRNA carries amino acids during protein synthesis, respectively.

3. What is the process called in which a substance changes from a gas to a liquid?

• A. Condensation.
• B. Evaporation.
• C. Sublimation.
• D. Vaporization.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Condensation is indeed the correct answer. It is the process by which a substance changes from a gas to a liquid. This occurs when the temperature of a gas decreases enough for its particles to lose energy and come together to form a liquid. On the other hand, evaporation is the process of a liquid changing to a gas. Sublimation is the direct transition of a substance from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase. Vaporization, on the other hand, is the general term for the process of a liquid changing to a gas, which includes both evaporation and boiling.

4. Which skin condition is characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed patches?

• A. Eczema
• B. Psoriasis
• C. Melanoma
• D. Keloid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Eczema is a skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed patches. It is a common condition that can vary in severity and often presents with symptoms such as dry, scaly skin, and sometimes oozing or crusting. Psoriasis, on the other hand, presents with red, scaly patches but is not typically described as itchy. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer characterized by the development of abnormal moles, while keloid is a type of raised scar that can occur after an injury to the skin. Therefore, the correct answer is eczema due to its specific symptom presentation of red, itchy, and inflamed patches.

5. What property of a wave remains unchanged when it passes from one medium to another with the same speed?

• A. Frequency
• B. Wavelength
• C. Amplitude
• D. Speed

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a wave passes from one medium to another with the same speed, its frequency remains unchanged. Frequency is a characteristic of the source of the wave and does not depend on the medium through which the wave is traveling. Wavelength and speed of the wave can change when passing from one medium to another, but frequency remains constant. This is because the frequency of a wave is determined by the source that produces it, and as long as the speed remains constant, the frequency will not be altered. Amplitude, on the other hand, can change based on factors like energy loss or gain, but it is not a property that remains constant when a wave moves between different mediums with the same speed. Speed, although important for the wave's propagation, is not the property that remains unchanged when the wave transitions between mediums with the same speed. Therefore, the correct answer is frequency.

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