Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the region of the brain that controls and regulates autonomic functions such as respiration, digestion, and heart rate?

• A. cerebellum
• B. medulla oblongata
• C. temporal lobe
• D. cerebral cortex

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The medulla oblongata is the correct answer. It is the region of the brain located at the base of the brainstem responsible for regulating autonomic functions such as respiration, digestion, and heart rate. These functions are essential for maintaining life. The cerebellum (Option A), temporal lobe (Option C), and cerebral cortex (Option D) do not control these autonomic functions. The cerebellum is mainly involved in coordination and balance, the temporal lobe is associated with memory and hearing, and the cerebral cortex is responsible for higher brain functions like thinking and decision-making.

2. A closet is filled with red, blue, and green shirts. If 1/4 of the shirts are green and 1/3 are red, what fraction of the shirts are blue?

• A. 1/2
• B. 1/3
• C. 5/12
• D. 1/4

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Let the total number of shirts be x. Given that 1/4 of the shirts are green and 1/3 are red, we have Green = x/4 and Red = x/3. To find the fraction of blue shirts, we subtract the fractions of green and red shirts from 1: Blue fraction = 1 - (1/4 + 1/3) = 1 - (3/12 + 4/12) = 1 - 7/12 = 5/12. Therefore, the fraction of blue shirts is 5/12. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the fraction of blue shirts given the information provided.

3. Which of the following is the y-intercept of the line whose equation is 7y − 42x + 7 = 0?

• A. (1/6, 0)
• B. (6, 0)
• C. (0, −1)
• D. (−1, 0)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To find the y-intercept, set x = 0 in the equation 7y − 42x + 7 = 0. This simplifies to 7y - 42(0) + 7 = 0, which gives 7y = -7. Solving for y, we get y = -1. Therefore, the y-intercept is where x = 0, so the correct answer is (0, -1). Choice A (1/6, 0) is incorrect as it does not satisfy the given equation when x = 0. Choice B (6, 0) is incorrect as it represents the x-intercept. Choice D (-1, 0) is incorrect as it does not correspond to the y-intercept of the given equation.

4. Which literary device is primarily used in the passage when discussing the transition from water to air?

• A. Metaphor
• B. Simile
• C. Alliteration
• D. Hyperbole

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metaphor. The transition from water to air is described metaphorically in the passage, highlighting the significant change in the insects' environment. The passage discusses how certain insects start their life underwater and then transition to the air, symbolizing a transformation. This metaphorical description enhances the reader's understanding of the insects' life cycle. Choice B, Simile, is incorrect because a simile involves comparing two unlike things using 'like' or 'as,' which is not evident in the passage. Choices C and D, Alliteration and Hyperbole, are incorrect as they are not used in the passage to describe the transition from water to air. Therefore, the best literary device used in this context is a metaphor.

5. Which of the following substitutions best captures the meaning of the word 'egregious' in the sentence: 'The errors were becoming so frequent and egregious that the company had no choice but to force the humbled administrator into early retirement'?

• A. thoughtless
• B. bizarre
• C. minor
• D. flagrant

Correct answer: A

Rationale: 'Egregious' means outstandingly bad or shocking. Among the given choices, 'thoughtless' is the best substitution that captures a similar meaning. This is because 'thoughtless' implies actions or errors committed without careful consideration, which aligns with the negative connotation of the word 'egregious' in the sentence. 'Bizarre' (choice B) means strange or unusual, not necessarily bad. 'Minor' (choice C) means of lesser importance or seriousness, which contrasts with the strong negativity of 'egregious.' 'Flagrant' (choice D) means obviously offensive or bad, but it does not fully capture the sense of shock and outstandingly bad conveyed by 'egregious.'

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