Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the stomach?

• A. To store food and break it down into smaller pieces
• B. To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
• C. To produce enzymes that assist in digesting food
• D. To eliminate waste products from the body

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main function of the stomach is to store food, churn it, and break it down into smaller pieces through mechanical digestion. This process is facilitated by the mixing of food with gastric juices, including stomach acid. The mechanical breakdown in the stomach helps initiate the digestion of food before it progresses to the small intestine for further digestion and nutrient absorption. Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the stomach. Enzymes that aid in digesting food are primarily produced in the pancreas and small intestine, not in the stomach. The elimination of waste products from the body mainly occurs through the large intestine and rectum, not the stomach.

2. Which of the following is the smallest unit of matter?

• A. Molecule
• B. Atom
• C. Compound
• D. Element

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An atom is the fundamental building block of matter, while molecules are formed by the combination of atoms.

3. What is the primary function of the nervous system?

• A. To produce hormones
• B. To transmit electrical impulses
• C. To carry oxygen
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transmit electrical impulses. The primary function of the nervous system is to transmit electrical impulses and coordinate body activities. While hormones are produced by the endocrine system, not the nervous system, oxygen transportation is mainly carried out by the respiratory system, and nutrient transport is primarily the role of the circulatory system. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the primary function of the nervous system.

4. What is the unit of measurement for momentum?

• A. Newton-second (N·s)
• B. Kilogram-meter (kg·m)
• C. Joule (J)
• D. Meter per second (m/s)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct unit of measurement for momentum is Newton-second (N·s). Momentum is calculated as the product of an object's mass and its velocity. The unit of mass is kilograms (kg) and the unit of velocity is meters per second (m/s). Therefore, the unit of momentum is kilogram-meter per second (kg·m/s). By Newton's second law of motion (F = ma), force is measured in Newtons (N), which is equivalent to kg·m/s². Multiplying the unit of force (N) by the unit of time (s) gives the unit of momentum as Newton-second (N·s). Choice B, Kilogram-meter (kg·m), is incorrect because it represents the unit of work or energy, not momentum. Choice C, Joule (J), is incorrect as it is a unit of energy. Choice D, Meter per second (m/s), is incorrect as it represents velocity alone, not momentum which is a vector quantity involving mass and velocity.

5. Which type of cell division is responsible for sexual reproduction?

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Amitosis
• D. Cytokinesis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Meiosis is the type of cell division responsible for sexual reproduction. During meiosis, a single cell undergoes two rounds of division to produce four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This reduction in chromosome number is essential for sexual reproduction as it ensures that when two gametes (sperm and egg) combine during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes. Mitosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that produces two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell and is involved in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Amitosis is a rare form of cell division that does not involve the typical processes of mitosis or meiosis. Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis or meiosis.

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