Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the stomach?

• A. To store food and break it down into smaller pieces
• B. To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
• C. To produce enzymes that assist in digesting food
• D. To eliminate waste products from the body

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main function of the stomach is to store food, churn it, and break it down into smaller pieces through mechanical digestion. This process is facilitated by the mixing of food with gastric juices, including stomach acid. The mechanical breakdown in the stomach helps initiate the digestion of food before it progresses to the small intestine for further digestion and nutrient absorption. Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the stomach. Enzymes that aid in digesting food are primarily produced in the pancreas and small intestine, not in the stomach. The elimination of waste products from the body mainly occurs through the large intestine and rectum, not the stomach.

2. Where does mRNA translation typically occur?

• A. On the ribosome
• B. In the nucleus
• C. In the cytoplasm
• D. On the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: mRNA translation typically occurs on the ribosome. Ribosomes are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. They read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain during translation. The correct answer is A. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. The nucleus is where mRNA is transcribed from DNA, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm on ribosomes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein processing and transport but not in mRNA translation.

3. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

• A. Mitosis produces haploid cells, while meiosis produces diploid cells
• B. Mitosis involves crossing over, while meiosis does not.
• C. Mitosis results in four daughter cells, while meiosis results in two
• D. Mitosis is responsible for sexual reproduction, while meiosis is responsible for asexual reproduction.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: - Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Therefore, mitosis results in two daughter cells. - Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This reduction in chromosome number is essential for sexual reproduction. - Option A is incorrect because mitosis produces diploid cells (cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell), while meiosis produces haploid cells (cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell). - Option B is incorrect because crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, occurs during meiosis and not during mitosis. - Option D is incorrect because mitosis is not responsible for sexual reproduction; it is a process of asexual reproduction and

4. Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?

• A. They are solid at room temperature.
• B. They contain only single bonds.
• C. They have a higher melting point.
• D. They contain double or triple bonds.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Unsaturated fatty acids are characterized by the presence of double or triple bonds in their carbon chain. These bonds introduce kinks in the chain, preventing tight packing, and resulting in a lower melting point compared to saturated fatty acids. Choice A is incorrect because unsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature due to their kinked structure. Choice B is incorrect because unsaturated fatty acids contain double or triple bonds, not only single bonds. Choice C is incorrect as unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point compared to saturated fatty acids.

5. Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

• A. Regulation of body temperature
• B. Protection from pathogens
• C. Synthesis of vitamin D
• D. Production of digestive enzymes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The production of digestive enzymes is not a function of the integumentary system. The integumentary system is responsible for regulating body temperature, protecting the body from pathogens, and synthesizing vitamin D. Digestive enzymes are produced by organs in the digestive system, such as the pancreas and stomach, and not by the integumentary system.

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