Nursing Elites

1. What is the main function of the small intestine?

• A. To store food and break it down into smaller pieces
• B. To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
• C. To produce enzymes that help digest food
• D. To eliminate waste products from the body

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is a crucial part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream. This absorption primarily occurs through the villi lining the small intestine, which increases the surface area available for nutrient absorption. Nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed into the bloodstream to support various bodily functions such as energy production, growth, and repair. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately depict the primary function of the small intestine, which is nutrient absorption.

2. Which of the following describes a typical gas?

• A. Indefinite shape and indefinite volume
• B. Indefinite shape and definite volume
• C. Definite shape and definite volume
• D. Definite shape and indefinite volume

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Indefinite shape and definite volume.' A gas does not have a definite shape as it takes the shape of its container, conforming to its surroundings. However, a gas does have a definite volume because it fills the entire volume of the container it occupies. This characteristic allows gases to expand to fill the available space provided by the container, while their volume remains constant within that container. Choice A is incorrect because gases do not have an indefinite volume but rather a definite volume. Choice C is incorrect as gases do not have a definite shape but take the shape of their container. Choice D is incorrect as gases do not have a definite shape and their volume is definite, not indefinite.

3. What does the term 'dilution' refer to in a solution?

• A. Adding more solvent to decrease concentration
• B. Adding more solute to increase concentration
• C. Reducing the temperature to increase solubility
• D. Increasing pressure to increase solubility

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The term 'dilution' in a solution refers to adding more solvent to decrease the concentration of the solution. Dilution involves reducing the concentration of the solute in the solution by increasing the amount of solvent. Choice B is incorrect because adding more solute would increase the concentration, not decrease it. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they relate to factors affecting solubility, not dilution specifically. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it accurately defines the process of dilution in a solution.

4. Which of these organs is NOT involved in the production of digestive enzymes?

• A. Mouth
• B. Stomach
• C. Pancreas
• D. Small intestine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A) Mouth: The mouth is involved in the mechanical breakdown of food through chewing and the initiation of carbohydrate digestion by the enzyme amylase in saliva, but it does not produce digestive enzymes. The salivary amylase in the mouth helps in breaking down carbohydrates. However, it is not an organ that produces digestive enzymes. B) Stomach: The stomach produces gastric juices containing enzymes like pepsin that help break down proteins. C) Pancreas: The pancreas produces various digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. D) Small intestine: The small intestine produces enzymes such as peptidases, sucrase, lactase, and maltase that further break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats for absorption. Therefore, the mouth is the organ that is NOT involved in the production of digestive enzymes.

5. Which nervous system controls voluntary motor movement?

• A. Parasympathetic
• B. Sympathetic
• C. Autonomic
• D. Somatic

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Somatic. The somatic nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary motor movements. It includes the motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles and allows us to consciously control our movements. The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are components of the autonomic nervous system and are not primarily responsible for voluntary motor movements.

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