Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for the energy released during a chemical reaction?

• A. Kinetic energy
• B. Potential energy
• C. Heat energy
• D. Exothermic energy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Exothermic energy.' During an exothermic reaction, energy is released in the form of heat. The term 'exothermic' signifies that energy is moving outward, typically in the form of heat, throughout the reaction, leading to a decrease in the system's internal energy. Choice A, 'Kinetic energy,' refers to the energy of motion and is not specifically related to chemical reactions. Choice B, 'Potential energy,' is the energy stored within an object due to its position or state and is not directly related to energy released in a chemical reaction. Choice C, 'Heat energy,' is a form of energy but does not specifically describe the energy released during a chemical reaction.

2. Which term refers to a molecule of DNA and structural protein?

• A. Lysosome
• B. Centrosome
• C. Chromosome
• D. Genome

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chromosome. A chromosome is a structure composed of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information. It is the condensed form of DNA associated with structural proteins, not just a molecule of DNA or protein. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes, not DNA and protein. Centrosomes are involved in cell division, not related to DNA and protein together. A genome refers to an organism's complete set of DNA, not specifically a molecule containing both DNA and structural protein.

3. Antigenic variation, a common strategy used by some viruses, allows them to:

• A. Produce toxins
• B. Evade the immune system
• C. Survive outside a host
• D. Replicate rapidly

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Antigenic variation is a strategy used by some viruses to evade the host's immune response. By constantly changing their surface antigens, viruses can avoid recognition and destruction by the immune system. This allows the virus to persist in the host and continue replicating, leading to prolonged infection and potential transmission to other hosts. Antigenic variation does not directly involve the production of toxins, survival outside a host, or rapid replication, making options A, C, and D incorrect in this context.

4. Glial cells support and protect neurons within the central and peripheral nervous system. What are they called?

• A. Astrocytes
• B. Neuroglia
• C. Oligodendrocytes
• D. Schwann cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that provide support and protection for neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. While the term 'Neuroglia' is often used to refer to glial cells collectively, in this context, the question specifically asks for the name of the cells, making 'Astrocytes' the correct answer. Choice B, 'Neuroglia,' is a general term for all glial cells, not a specific type. Choices C and D, 'Oligodendrocytes' and 'Schwann cells,' are also types of glial cells but are not the primary cells responsible for supporting and protecting neurons as described in the question.

5. What is the functional group present in amines?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Amine
• D. Nitro

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The functional group present in amines is the amine group, represented as -NH2. Amines are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen atoms. The amine group distinguishes amines from other types of organic compounds, such as alcohols with the hydroxyl group, ketones with the carbonyl group, and nitro compounds with the nitro group. Therefore, the correct answer is 'C: Amine.'

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