Nursing Elites

1. What is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis?

• A. Bacteria
• B. Viruses
• C. Fungi
• D. Parasites

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Aseptic meningitis is typically caused by viral infections, such as enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus, echovirus), herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and others. These viruses can infect the meninges, leading to inflammation and symptoms of meningitis without the presence of bacteria. While bacterial meningitis is a serious and life-threatening condition, aseptic meningitis caused by viruses is usually less severe and has a better prognosis. Fungi and parasites are less common causes of meningitis compared to bacteria and viruses.

2. Following the scientific method, which steps would be done before gathering qualitative data?

• A. Communicate with a scientific journal
• B. Define the problem
• C. Develop a hypothesis
• D. Categorize data for statistical analysis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the scientific method, defining the problem is typically the initial step. Before gathering qualitative data, it is essential to clearly outline and understand the issue or question being addressed. This step helps in guiding the research process and ensures that the data collected are relevant to the problem at hand. Communicating with a scientific journal (Choice A) is not a standard step in the scientific method; it comes after the research is conducted. Developing a hypothesis (Choice C) usually follows defining the problem and precedes data collection. Categorizing data for statistical analysis (Choice D) occurs after data collection, not before gathering qualitative data.

3. Muscle tissues often require quick bursts of energy. As a result, which of the following organelles would be most likely to be found in higher than normal amounts in muscle cells?

• A. ribosomes
• B. chloroplasts
• C. vacuoles
• D. mitochondria

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Muscle tissues require quick bursts of energy for activities such as contraction and relaxation. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Therefore, muscle cells would require higher amounts of mitochondria to meet their energy demands. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis and are not directly related to energy production. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, not in animal muscle cells. Vacuoles are primarily involved in storage, maintaining turgor pressure, and digestion, but they are not the main organelles involved in energy production.

4. What is the diastole cycle in the heart?

• A. Relaxation of the heart
• B. Contraction of the heart
• C. Pulse rate of the heart
• D. Blood circulation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The diastole cycle in the heart refers to the relaxation phase, where the heart chambers relax and fill with blood. This phase is crucial for the heart to refill and prepare for the next contraction (systole), which pumps blood out of the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is choice A, 'Relaxation of the heart.' Choices B, C, and D are incorrect in the context of cardiac physiology. Choice B, 'Contraction of the heart,' refers to systole, the phase of heart contraction. Choice C, 'Pulse rate of the heart,' is related to the number of heartbeats per minute, not the diastole cycle specifically. Choice D, 'Blood circulation,' is a broader term that encompasses the entire circulatory system rather than focusing on the heart's specific relaxation phase.

5. What is the purpose of sodium bicarbonate when released into the lumen of the small intestine?

• A. It works to chemically digest fats in the chyme.
• B. It decreases the pH of the chyme to prevent harm to the intestine.
• C. It works to chemically digest proteins in the chyme.
• D. It increases the pH of the chyme to prevent harm to the intestine.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate, when released into the lumen of the small intestine, functions to increase the pH of the acidic chyme coming from the stomach. This increase in pH helps neutralize the acidity of the chyme, creating a more optimal environment for the digestive enzymes in the small intestine to function properly. Maintaining a slightly basic pH in the small intestine is crucial for overall digestion and absorption of nutrients. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Sodium bicarbonate does not chemically digest fats or proteins in the chyme, and it does not decrease the pH of the chyme as it actually increases the pH to prevent harm to the intestine.

Similar Questions