which of the following is not listed as a detail in the passage about sickle cell anemia

HESI A2

Reading Comprehension Practice Test HESI A2

1. Which of the following is not mentioned as a detail in the passage about Sickle-Cell Anemia?

A. People of South American or African descent may be prone to sickle-cell anemia.
B. Symptoms of sickle-cell anemia may include sudden occurrences of extreme abdominal and back pain.
C. The red blood cells of sickle-cell patients are unusually shaped, forming crescent or sickle shapes.
D. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies may result in some anemia.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the passage does not mention anything about vitamin and mineral deficiencies in relation to sickle-cell anemia. Choice A is incorrect as the passage specifies that sickle-cell anemia is more common among people of South American or African descent. Choice B is correct as the passage states that symptoms of sickle-cell anemia can include sudden occurrences of extreme abdominal and back pain. Choice C is correct as the passage describes that the red blood cells of sickle-cell patients are unusually shaped, forming crescent or sickle shapes. The passage does not discuss any relationship between vitamin and mineral deficiencies and sickle-cell anemia, making choice D the correct option.

2. The passage mentions all of these uses for microscopy EXCEPT ___________.

A. Ear surgery
B. Amputations
C. Vasectomies
D. Reconstructions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The passage discusses various uses of microscopy in surgery, including ear surgery, amputations, and reconstructions. However, vasectomies are not mentioned as an application of microscopy in the text. Therefore, vasectomies are the exception among the listed uses. Choices A, B, and D are supported by details in the extract, making them incorrect answers. The passage highlights the uses of microscopy in delicate ear operations, repairing blood vessels in partially amputated limbs, and improving breast reconstructions. While vasectomies are mentioned briefly in the extract, they are not connected to the application of microscopy in the context of surgeries.

3. What is stated in the passage about Sleep Apnea?

A. Sleep apnea causes chronic illness.
B. Sleep apnea affects intellectual abilities.
C. Sleep apnea leads to early death.
D. Sleep apnea causes breathing interruptions.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Sleep apnea causes breathing interruptions.' The passage explicitly mentions sleep apnea as a condition where an individual stops breathing during sleep, indicating breathing interruptions. Choice A is incorrect because the passage does not directly state that sleep apnea causes chronic illness. Choice B is incorrect because the passage discusses how lack of sleep affects intellectual abilities but does not specifically attribute this to sleep apnea. Choice C is incorrect as the passage does not mention sleep apnea leading to early death. Therefore, the most accurate statement about sleep apnea based on the passage is that it causes breathing interruptions.

4. What is a major difference in the way baroreceptors and chemoreceptors work from the way the kidneys work?

A. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors send impulses from the arteries, while the kidneys control blood volume.
B. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors both work to help maintain blood volume, whereas the kidneys take care of salts, water, and waste removal.
C. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors must work together to control blood pressure, whereas the kidneys work with the adrenal cortex.
D. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are both located near the adrenal cortex, whereas the kidneys are located near the heart.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors send impulses from the arteries, while the kidneys control blood volume. Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are responsible for monitoring blood pressure by sensing changes in pressure, oxygen levels, carbon dioxide levels, and pH within the arteries. They send out impulses to raise or lower blood pressure accordingly. On the other hand, the kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood volume by absorbing salts and water and removing waste products. This key difference highlights that while baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are involved in monitoring and regulating blood pressure, the kidneys primarily focus on controlling blood volume. Choice B is incorrect because it inaccurately states that baroreceptors and chemoreceptors help maintain blood volume, which is not their primary function. Choice C is incorrect as it provides an inaccurate comparison between the roles of baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys. Choice D is incorrect as it wrongly associates the location of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors with the adrenal cortex, which is not accurate.

5. Which of the following describes the purpose of the passage?

A. To describe the causes of cystic fibrosis
B. To explain how cystic fibrosis is passed down through families
C. To provide an overview of CF and how it is inherited
D. To review why some Americans have CF, but others do not

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The passage aims to provide an overview of cystic fibrosis (CF) and how it is inherited. It explains that CF is passed down through families due to a defective gene, detailing how this gene affects the body and who is most commonly affected by the disease. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the passage does not solely focus on describing the causes of CF, explaining how it is passed down through families, or reviewing why some Americans have CF while others do not. Instead, it provides a broader perspective on CF and its inheritance.