Nursing Elites

1. The word lethargy as used in the second paragraph of the passage can best be defined as ___________.

• A. Sluggishness
• B. Irritability
• C. Energy
• D. Starvation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In this context, 'lethargy' refers to a state of sluggishness or lack of energy. The passage mentions that people with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) struggle with lethargy and chronic fatigue, impairing their daily lives. Therefore, the correct definition of 'lethargy' in this context is 'sluggishness.' Choice B, 'Irritability,' is incorrect as lethargy refers more to a lack of energy than to being irritable. Choice C, 'Energy,' is the opposite of lethargy. Choice D, 'Starvation,' is unrelated to the definition of lethargy in this context.

2. What are the three steps of the 'wave of excitation'?

• A. The discharge from the SA node, the peak ECG, and the excitement of the ventricle.
• B. The excitement of the ventricle, the relaxing of the ventricle, and the systemic neural response.
• C. The contraction of the atrium, the relaxation of the atrium, and the contraction of the ventricle.
• D. The excitation of the atrium, the excitement of the ventricle, and the relaxing of the ventricle.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct steps of the 'wave of excitation' are the excitation of the atrium, excitement of the ventricle, and relaxation of the ventricle. In the described process, the 'wave of excitation' starts with the discharge from the SA node, leading to the excitation of the atrium. Next, the peak ECG corresponds to the excitement of the ventricle, not its relaxation. Finally, the wave concludes with the relaxation of the ventricle, not its contraction. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the sequential steps of the 'wave of excitation' as presented in the extract.

3. The term afforded to, as used in the third paragraph, can best be defined as ___________.

• A. Traversed by
• B. Presented to
• C. Removed from
• D. Paid for by

Correct answer: B

Rationale: "Afforded to" in this context means "presented to," as it refers to the education options available to women at the time.

4. What is the author's reason for writing the passage on the White Elephant?

• A. To inform readers about Thailand's historical customs.
• B. To entertain readers with the origins of the term 'white elephant.'
• C. To explain the tradition of giving white elephants.
• D. To criticize the tradition of giving white elephants as gifts.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To explain the tradition of giving white elephants.' The passage provides historical context about the practice of giving white elephants as gifts in ancient Siam, now Thailand. It explains how white elephants were considered sacred, could not be put to work, and became a burden to the recipients. The author's purpose is to shed light on this tradition and its implications, not to inform readers about Thailand in general (choice A), entertain with fun facts (choice B), or criticize the tradition (choice D). Choices A and B are incorrect because the passage focuses specifically on the tradition of giving white elephants, not on broader aspects of Thailand or entertainment. Choice D is incorrect because the passage does not criticize the tradition but rather provides a factual account of its historical significance.

5. What conclusion can be drawn about the article?

• A. The author explains differences in eating methods.
• B. Eating habits vary across different cultures.
• C. Space travel has posed challenges for eating habits.
• D. Chopsticks are more suitable than forks for space travel.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The passage discusses different eating methods in various cultures, focusing on their differences. The author describes the development of cutlery in European cultures, the use of chopsticks in China, and how space travel has influenced eating tools for astronauts. Choice B is incorrect because the passage emphasizes the differences rather than the similarities in eating habits across cultures. Choice C is partially supported by the passage as it mentions that space travel has created new challenges for consuming food, but it is not the main conclusion of the article. Choice D is not directly supported by the passage as it discusses the challenges of using chopsticks and forks in space rather than stating that chopsticks are superior to forks.

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