Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is not an allotrope of carbon?

• A. Diamond
• B. Graphite
• C. Fluorine
• D. Buckminsterfullerene

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fluorine. Allotropes of carbon are different forms of the same element. Diamonds, graphite, and buckminsterfullerene are all allotropes of carbon. However, fluorine is a separate chemical element and not an allotrope of carbon. Therefore, fluorine does not belong to the group of carbon allotropes.

2. Which element would you expect to be least reactive?

• A. Li
• B. Cr
• C. Nd
• D. Xe

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Xenon (Xe) is a noble gas located in Group 18 of the periodic table. Noble gases are known for their stable and unreactive nature due to having a full outer shell of electrons. Therefore, xenon would be expected to be the least reactive among the given elements. Choice A (Li) is a metal in Group 1 of the periodic table, which tends to be reactive, especially with water. Choice B (Cr) is a transition metal known for its reactivity in some forms. Choice C (Nd) is a rare earth element, which can exhibit varying reactivity depending on the compound or environment.

3. What are negatively charged ions called?

• A. Neutrons
• B. Protons
• C. Anions
• D. Cations

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Negatively charged ions are called anions. Anions gain electrons and carry a negative charge, which distinguishes them from cations that are positively charged and neutrons and protons that are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Choice A, Neutrons, are neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom, not negatively charged ions. Choice B, Protons, are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom, not negatively charged ions. Choice D, Cations, are positively charged ions that lose electrons, which is opposite to the behavior of negatively charged ions.

4. On the periodic table, families of elements with similar properties appear in the same _________.

• A. row
• B. principal energy level
• C. period
• D. column

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Families of elements with similar properties appear in the same column on the periodic table. Columns are also known as groups, and elements within the same group have similar chemical and physical properties due to their identical number of valence electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is 'column.' Choice A, 'row,' is incorrect because rows on the periodic table are called periods, not families or groups of elements. Choice B, 'principal energy level,' is incorrect as it refers to the energy levels of electrons around the nucleus of an atom, not the arrangement of elements with similar properties on the periodic table. Choice C, 'period,' is incorrect as periods represent horizontal rows on the periodic table, where elements do not necessarily have similar properties compared to elements in the same column.

5. What is the correct electron configuration for nitrogen?

• A. 1s² 2s²
• B. 1s² 2s² 2p²
• C. 1s² 2s² 2p³
• D. 1s² 2s² 2p⁴

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The electron configuration of nitrogen is determined by its atomic number, which is 7. Nitrogen has 7 electrons. Following the order of filling orbitals, the electron configuration for nitrogen is 1s² 2s² 2p³. This means the first energy level is filled with 2 electrons in the 1s orbital, the second energy level is filled with 2 electrons in the 2s orbital, and 3 electrons in the 2p orbital. Each orbital can hold a specific number of electrons, and nitrogen, with its 7 electrons, fits this configuration. Choice A is incorrect because it does not account for all the electrons in the nitrogen atom. Choice B is incorrect as it only represents 6 electrons, not the 7 electrons in nitrogen. Choice D is incorrect as it represents 8 electrons, which is not the correct electron configuration for nitrogen.

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