Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cilia lining the respiratory tract?

• A. Trapping inhaled dust and debris
• B. Moistening inhaled air
• C. Producing mucus
• D. Propelling mucus upwards towards the throat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Moistening inhaled air. The cilia lining the respiratory tract primarily function to trap inhaled dust and debris, produce mucus, and propel the mucus upwards towards the throat for removal. Moistening inhaled air is primarily done by the mucous membranes in the nasal passages, which contain blood vessels that help warm and humidify the air as it passes through the nasal cavity. Therefore, the function of moistening inhaled air is not directly associated with the cilia in the respiratory tract, making it the correct choice in this scenario. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are all functions carried out by the cilia in the respiratory tract.

2. What defines the period of a wave?

• A. The time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point
• B. The distance between two adjacent crests or troughs
• C. The number of waves passing a point per unit time
• D. The maximum displacement of particles in a medium due to the wave

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The period of a wave is defined as the time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point. It is a crucial parameter in wave analysis and is typically measured in seconds. The period is directly related to the frequency of the wave, as they are reciprocals of each other. Therefore, the correct answer is the time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point (choice A). The period is not related to the number of waves passing a point per unit time (choice C), the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs (choice B), or the maximum displacement of particles in a medium due to the wave (choice D).

3. Which of the following describes a responsibility of the integumentary system?

• A. Distributing vital substances, such as nutrients, throughout the body.
• B. Blocking pathogens that cause disease.
• C. Sending leaked fluids from the cardiovascular system back to the blood vessels.
• D. Storing bodily hormones that influence gender traits.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct responsibility of the integumentary system is to act as a barrier that blocks pathogens from entering the body, thus helping to prevent diseases and infections. This function serves as the first line of defense for the body against external threats. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is a function of the circulatory system, not the integumentary system. Choice C relates to the lymphatic system, not the integumentary system. Choice D involves the endocrine system, not the integumentary system.

4. Which part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

• A. Left atrium
• B. Right atrium
• C. Left ventricle
• D. Right ventricle

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, the left atrium. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, which is then pumped into the left ventricle and out to the rest of the body. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the right ventricle to be pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly receive oxygenated blood from the lungs.

5. Which of the following factors does not strengthen a scientific argument?

• A. Lack of bias
• B. Extensive use of qualitative research and data
• C. Able to be reproduced and repeated by others
• D. Withstands the test of time

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. While qualitative data can provide valuable insights, it does not inherently strengthen a scientific argument to the same extent as quantitative data. Quantitative data is generally more precise, measurable, and easier to verify, making it a stronger basis for scientific arguments. Choices A, C, and D all contribute to strengthening a scientific argument. Lack of bias ensures objectivity and reliability, reproducibility by others validates the findings, and standing the test of time indicates the enduring validity and reliability of the argument.

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