Nursing Elites

1. What is the main factor affecting the acceleration of a ball rolling down an inclined plane?

• A. The material of the ball
• B. The angle of the incline
• C. The air resistance
• D. The ball's initial velocity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main factor affecting the acceleration of a ball rolling down an inclined plane is the angle of the incline. The steeper the incline, the greater the component of the gravitational force acting parallel to the incline, leading to a higher acceleration of the ball. While the material of the ball, air resistance, and the ball's initial velocity may have some influence on the motion, the angle of the incline is the primary factor determining acceleration in this scenario. The material of the ball does not significantly affect its acceleration on the incline unless it impacts the friction with the surface. Air resistance plays a minor role in the acceleration of the ball compared to the gravitational force. The ball's initial velocity affects the speed at the start but does not influence the acceleration down the incline.

2. How does meiosis differ from mitosis?

• A. Meiosis is used for repairing the body. Mitosis is used for cell reproduction.
• B. Meiosis is used for sexual reproduction. Mitosis is used for asexual reproduction.
• C. Meiosis occurs in various organisms. Mitosis occurs in various organisms.
• D. Meiosis produces cells that are genetically different. Mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of sex cells (gametes) with only half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, leading to genetically different cells. In contrast, mitosis is a cell division process that produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and the parent cell, maintaining the same chromosome number. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as meiosis and mitosis differ in their genetic outcomes - meiosis results in genetic diversity, while mitosis maintains genetic identity. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately distinguish between meiosis and mitosis. Meiosis is not used for repairing the body or asexual reproduction, and the occurrence of both processes in various organisms does not highlight their primary differences in genetic outcomes.

3. Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Insulin is the correct answer. It is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by facilitating the absorption of glucose into cells. When blood sugar levels are elevated, insulin is released to help cells utilize glucose for energy or store it for future use. Glucagon, choice B, is produced by the pancreas as well but has the opposite effect of raising blood sugar levels by releasing stored glucose into the bloodstream. Cortisol, choice C, is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that is involved in the stress response and metabolism, not specifically in regulating blood sugar levels. Thyroxine, choice D, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism but is not directly involved in the uptake of glucose into cells.

4. Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor for proper absorption?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach, for proper absorption in the small intestine. Intrinsic factor binds to vitamin B12 and facilitates its absorption in the ileum. Deficiency in intrinsic factor can lead to pernicious anemia, a condition characterized by a lack of vitamin B12 absorption. Options A, B, and C are incorrect. Vitamin A is absorbed in the small intestine with the help of bile salts; Vitamin C is absorbed in the small intestine via active transport; Vitamin D is absorbed in the small intestine through a process involving bile salts and micelles. It is essential for students to understand this relationship as it highlights the importance of intrinsic factor in the absorption of specific vitamins and the consequences of its deficiency.

5. What type of chemical bond connects the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a molecule of water?

• A. Static bond
• B. Aquatic bond
• C. Ionic bond
• D. Covalent bond

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Covalent bond. Covalent bonds are formed between oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a water molecule. In a water molecule, each hydrogen atom forms a covalent bond with the oxygen atom, sharing electrons to achieve a stable configuration. Static bond (choice A) and Aquatic bond (choice B) are not valid types of chemical bonds. Ionic bond (choice C) involves the transfer of electrons between atoms of different electronegativities, which is not the case between oxygen and hydrogen in a water molecule.

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