Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a polymer?

• A. Methane
• B. Ethanol
• C. Polyethylene
• D. Acetic acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Polyethylene. Polyethylene is a polymer composed of a large number of repeating ethylene units linked together, forming a long-chain molecule, characteristic of polymers. Methane, ethanol, and acetic acid are small organic molecules that do not demonstrate the repeating unit structure typical of polymers. Therefore, they are not examples of polymers.

2. Which part of the hair is not attached to the follicle?

• A. Bulb
• B. Root
• C. Shaft
• D. Strand

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Shaft.' The hair shaft is the part of the hair that extends above the skin surface and is not attached to the follicle. The bulb and root are parts that are connected to the follicle as they are located below the skin surface and play a role in hair growth. The strand, on the other hand, refers to a single hair fiber and is not a distinct part of the hair anatomy.

3. In the body, muscle tissue is involved in which of the following functions?

• A. Generation of body heat
• B. Joint stabilization
• C. Maintenance of posture
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Muscle tissue serves multiple functions in the body, including the generation of body heat, joint stabilization, and maintenance of posture. These functions are essential for movement, stability, and overall bodily functions. The correct answer is 'All of the above' because muscle tissue plays a key role in each of these vital functions. The generation of body heat occurs through muscle activity, joint stabilization is achieved by muscles surrounding joints, and maintaining posture involves muscle contraction to support the body's position. Therefore, all the listed functions are interconnected and rely on the proper functioning of muscle tissue.

4. Which of the following is an end product of cellular respiration?

• A. Oxygen
• B. ATP energy
• C. Carbon dioxide
• D. Water

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: ATP energy. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce ATP, which is the primary energy currency of cells. While oxygen is required for cellular respiration to occur, it is not an end product but rather a reactant. Carbon dioxide and water are byproducts of cellular respiration, alongside ATP. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not end products of cellular respiration.

5. Which nervous system controls the involuntary 'fight-or-flight' response?

• A. Sympathetic nervous system
• B. Parasympathetic nervous system
• C. Enteric nervous system
• D. Sensory nervous system

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for activating the body's response to stress or danger, leading to the 'fight-or-flight' response. It prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and redirecting blood flow to muscles. Choice B, the parasympathetic nervous system, is responsible for the body's 'rest-and-digest' activities, which are opposite to the 'fight-or-flight' response. Choice C, the enteric nervous system, primarily regulates the gastrointestinal system and is not directly involved in the 'fight-or-flight' response. Choice D, the sensory nervous system, transmits sensory information from the body to the central nervous system and is not responsible for the physiological changes associated with the 'fight-or-flight' response.

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