Nursing Elites

1. What macromolecules are proteins that speed up chemical reactions and act as biological catalysts?

• A. Lipids
• B. Enzymes
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. Lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids do not serve as proteins that function as catalysts; they have different biological roles. Lipids are primarily used for energy storage, structural components, and signaling molecules. Carbohydrates are mainly for energy storage and providing structural support. Nucleic acids are involved in genetic information storage and transfer. Therefore, the correct answer is B: Enzymes.

2. What is the protective fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord called?

• A. Blood
• B. Cerebrospinal fluid
• C. Plasma
• D. Myelin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cerebrospinal fluid is the protective fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It acts as a cushion to protect these vital organs from injury and provides nutrients to the nervous system. Blood, plasma, and myelin are not the fluids specifically surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Blood is found within blood vessels, plasma is the liquid component of blood, and myelin is a fatty substance that forms a protective sheath around nerve fibers.

3. How many lobes does the right lung have?

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 3. The right lung consists of three lobes: the upper, middle, and lower lobes. This distinction is vital as the left lung only has two lobes, the upper and lower lobes. Understanding the anatomical variances between the lobes of the right and left lungs is crucial for comprehending respiratory physiology and its clinical implications in medical practice. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the right lung does not have 1, 2, or 4 lobes. It is essential to differentiate between the lobes of the right and left lungs to have a comprehensive understanding of pulmonary anatomy.

4. If a doctor diagnoses a patient with an impaired posterior pituitary gland, which of the following symptoms related to kidney function does the patient display?

• A. Thirst
• B. Tiredness
• C. Weight gain
• D. Concentrated urine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When the posterior pituitary gland is impaired, there is decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH plays a crucial role in regulating water reabsorption by the kidneys. A deficiency of ADH leads to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine, resulting in the production of dilute urine. Therefore, 'Concentrated urine' is the correct symptom associated with impaired posterior pituitary gland. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Thirst is more commonly associated with diabetes insipidus, tiredness could be a general symptom but not specifically related to kidney function, and weight gain is not a typical symptom of impaired posterior pituitary gland affecting kidney function.

5. Which of the following pathologies is caused by a virus?

• A. Asthma
• B. Cystic Fibrosis
• C. Epiglottitis
• D. Influenza

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Influenza. Influenza is a viral infection caused by the influenza virus. Asthma and cystic fibrosis are not caused by viruses. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition related to inflammation and airway constriction, while cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs. Epiglottitis is most commonly caused by bacteria, particularly Haemophilus influenzae type B, rather than a virus.

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