Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a strong base commonly used in cleaning products?

• A. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
• B. Ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH)
• C. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)
• D. Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base commonly used in cleaning products due to its effectiveness in breaking down grease and fats. It is known for its corrosive properties and is commonly found in drain cleaners and oven cleaners. While ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide are also bases, they are not as strong as sodium hydroxide and are not as commonly used in cleaning products. Ammonium hydroxide is more commonly found in household cleaning products for its disinfectant properties, calcium hydroxide is used in agriculture and construction, and potassium hydroxide is often used in industries like soap manufacturing and biodiesel production.

2. Which of the following is responsible for carrying electrical impulses in the nervous system?

• A. Platelets
• B. Neurons
• C. Red blood cells
• D. White blood cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Neurons are the correct answer as they are specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit electrical impulses throughout the body. Neurons have structures like axons and dendrites that enable the transmission of electrical signals. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, red blood cells carry oxygen, and white blood cells are part of the immune system; however, none of these cell types play a role in carrying electrical impulses in the nervous system.

3. What is the process by which muscles convert chemical energy (ATP) into mechanical energy (movement)?

• A. Photosynthesis
• B. Cellular respiration
• C. Muscle contraction
• D. The sliding filament theory

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Muscle contraction is the correct answer. It is the process by which muscles convert chemical energy (ATP) into mechanical energy (movement). During muscle contraction, the sliding filament theory explains how actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, causing muscle fibers to shorten and generate force. Photosynthesis (option A) is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Cellular respiration (option B) is the process by which cells generate ATP from glucose and oxygen. The sliding filament theory (option D) is a detailed explanation of the molecular events that occur during muscle contraction but is not the overall process of converting energy into movement; it focuses on the mechanism within the process of muscle contraction.

4. Epithelial tissue, which covers surfaces, is further classified based on the number of cell layers. Simple epithelium has:

• A. No layers
• B. One layer
• C. Two to several layers
• D. Many tightly packed layers

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells. This type of epithelium is found in areas where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur, as it allows for efficient exchange of substances across the epithelial barrier. Simple epithelium is well-suited for diffusion and filtration processes due to its thin nature, enabling substances to pass through easily. Choice A, 'No layers,' is incorrect as epithelial tissue always consists of at least one cell layer. Choice C, 'Two to several layers,' describes stratified epithelium, not simple epithelium, which has only one layer. Choice D, 'Many tightly packed layers,' is more characteristic of stratified epithelium, where multiple layers of cells are present. Therefore, the correct answer is B: 'One layer.'

5. Which biome is characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost, and coniferous trees?

• A. Tundra
• B. Desert
• C. Rainforest
• D. Savanna

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A) Tundra: This biome is characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost (permanently frozen subsoil), and vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and coniferous trees like spruce and fir. The tundra is found in high latitudes near the Arctic Circle and high altitudes in mountainous regions. It is a cold and harsh environment where the ground remains frozen for a significant part of the year. The coniferous trees in this biome are adapted to survive in extreme cold conditions. B) Desert: Deserts are characterized by low precipitation levels and high temperatures, with sparse vegetation adapted to arid conditions. C) Rainforest: Rainforests are characterized by high levels of rainfall, warm temperatures, and dense vegetation with a variety of plant and animal species. D) Savanna: Savannas are tropical grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs, characterized by a distinct wet and dry season. They have a different climate pattern compared to the cold temperatures and permafrost found in the tundra biome. In this case, the description of cold temperatures, permafrost, and coniferous trees aligns most closely with the characteristics of the tundra biome, making option A the correct answer.

Similar Questions